Lorazepam

New findings at ADLM 2025 could remedy this CHICAGO, July 28, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- According to research presented today at ADLM 2025 (formerly the AACC Annual Scientific Meeting & Clinical Lab Expo), standard drug screening misses low concentrations of targeted substances in around 5% of urine samples taken from patients under age 18, suggesting that children with drugs in their systems are sometimes released from healthcare settings into unsafe home environments. The study highlights an adjustment that clinical labs can make to improve the accuracy of results and to help ensure that substance-exposed children and their families get appropriate support. Researchers have long known that standard urine drug screening (UDS) — which is typically done using a technique known as immunoassay — can sometimes trigger false positives, or erroneous results that indicate the presence of a drug when there isn't one. It's the reason a second confirmatory test with mass spectrometry is typically used to verify results for patients who test positive on immunoassay. However, the opposite issue, where UDS indicates an absence of drugs in patients who have actually taken them (false negatives), has not been well studied. This mistake is more likely to occur in samples taken from infants and young children whose kidneys are still developing or who have incidental exposure to a low level of drugs, resulting in a low drug concentration in their urine that may not reach the cutoff used in standard UDS. One approach for minimizing this possibility is to use mass spectrometry on all pediatric patients, skipping the initial immunoassay. "To our knowledge, St. Louis Children's is the only hospital in the U.S. to adopt this 'direct-to-mass-spectrometry' approach," said Dr. Yanchun Lin, one of the study's authors and a clinical chemistry fellow at Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri. "So we really want to urge laboratorians to reconsider the approach they adopt for pediatric UDS testing." The researchers used two strategies to compare immunoassay results with mass spectrometry for detecting substances in common drug tests, including amphetamine/methamphetamine, cocaine/benzoylecgonine (the main metabolite of cocaine), THC, opiates, fentanyl, benzodiazepines, and methadone. In the first approach, they studied 125 urine samples over a 5-month period from pediatric patients with weakly positive results on mass spectrometry to check how many of them were missed by immunoassay (forward approach). For the second strategy, they assessed 115 urine samples that tested negative on immunoassay to assess if mass spectrometry could detect any drugs (reverse approach). Among the 125 samples that tested positive on mass spectrometry, 112 (approximately 90%) contained compounds not detected by immunoassay, most commonly methamphetamine and benzoylecgonine. Thirty-eight (33%) of the 115 samples found negative on routine UDS tested positive for at least one substance when re-examined by mass spectrometry. Moreover, mass spectrometry identified substances in six samples (5%) that were targeted but missed by immunoassay. In addition, the researchers identified 32 pediatric urine samples that contained prescription medications not picked up by immunoassay, including lorazepam, ketamine, bupropion, methylphenidate, clonidine, quetiapine, venlafaxine, and naloxone. They also found five samples containing fentanyl, which wasn't on the UDS menu at some study centers from which samples were taken. Taken together, the results indicate that UDS may miss low drug concentrations in approximately 1 in 20 pediatric urine samples. This finding held true using both the forward and reverse schemes, spanning multiple clinical environments and analytic platforms. Using a direct-to-mass spectrometry approach would significantly lessen the risk of false-negative drug screens and largely eliminate false-positive findings as well, the authors conclude. That said, making this change isn't without challenges for labs. "It's actually pretty labor intense," Lin said, "and it's much harder to maintain the assay" using the direct-to-mass spectrometry approach. "You need highly trained personnel and dedicated full-time employees," she added. But labs that can make the shift will benefit from more accurate results that could translate to better care. "If it's possible, it should definitely be adopted, especially for pediatric patients," Lin said. Session information ADLM 2025 registration is free for members of the media. Reporters can register online here: Abstract A-349: False-negative immunoassay drug screens uncovered with a direct to mass spectrometry approach in a pediatric population will be presented during: Student poster competition Monday, July 28 9:30 a.m. – 4 p.m. Room S405 Scientific poster session Tuesday, July 29 9:30 a.m. – 5 p.m. (presenting authors in attendance from 1:30 – 2:30 p.m.) Poster Hall on the Expo show floor Both sessions will take place at McCormick Place, Chicago. About ADLM 2025 ADLM 2025 (formerly the AACC Annual Scientific Meeting & Clinical Lab Expo) offers 5 days packed with opportunities to learn about exciting science from July 27-31 in Chicago. Plenary sessions will explore urgent problems related to clinical artificial intelligence (AI) integration, fake medical news, and the pervasiveness of plastics, as well as tapping into the promise of genomics and microbiome medicine for personalized healthcare. At the ADLM 2025 Clinical Lab Expo, more than 800 exhibitors will fill the show floor of the McCormick Place Convention Center in Chicago, with displays of the latest diagnostic technology, including but not limited to AI, point-of-care, and automation. About the Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM) Dedicated to achieving better health for all through laboratory medicine, ADLM (formerly AACC) unites more than 70,000 clinical laboratory professionals, physicians, research scientists, and business leaders from 110 countries around the world. Our community is at the forefront of laboratory medicine's diverse subdisciplines, including clinical chemistry, molecular diagnostics, mass spectrometry, clinical microbiology, and data science, and is comprised of individuals holding the spectrum of lab-related professional degrees, certifications, and credentials. Since 1948, ADLM has championed the advancement of laboratory medicine by fostering scientific collaboration, knowledge sharing, and the development of innovative solutions that enhance health outcomes. For more information, visit . Christine DeLong ADLM Director, Editorial and Media Relations (p) 202.835.8722 [email protected] Bill Malone ADLM Senior Director, Strategic Communications (p) 202.835.8756 [email protected] SOURCE Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM) WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

THURSDAY, Feb. 27, 2025 -- Powerful synthetic opioids are meant to serve as painkillers, but new research suggests their use during surgery might actually prompt worse pain during patients’ recovery. The use of two types of synthetic opioid during surgery is linked to patients having a poor “pain experience” -- a composite of the emotional, cognitive and mental aspects of pain, researchers said. In fact, the use of remifentanil and sufentanil during surgery increased 27-fold a patient’s risk of suffering as they recover, researchers reported Feb. 25 in the journal Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine . While opioid drugs can help quell pain following surgery, “their intraoperative administration -- especially of potent agents like remifentanil and sufentanil -- may paradoxically contribute to heightened postoperative pain,” concluded the research team led by Dr. Axel Maurice Szamburski , an associate professor of anesthesiology with the University Hospital Center Nice Pasteur Hospital in Nice, France. Most patients experience moderate to severe pain following surgery, researchers said in background notes. This isn’t just unpleasant for them, but can hinder their recovery and increase their risk of complications. “Identifying key determinants of a poor pain experience could help uncover areas of care that, when addressed, may improve patient satisfaction and reduce the risks of both acute and chronic postsurgical pain,” researchers wrote. For this study, researchers analyzed data gathered for 971 patients as part of a clinical trial aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of sedatives given prior to surgery. The patients, all younger than 70, had been randomly assigned the day before surgery to receive the sedative lorazepam , a placebo, or nothing at all. Their surgeries took place at five French teaching hospitals. About 37% of the surgeries were orthopedic or spinal; 29% involved the ear, nose or throat; and 15% digestive, the study says. Of those patients, 271 (28%) reported a poor pain experience on their first day following surgery, based on a questionnaire aimed at capturing all the mental and physical aspects of pain. The use of powerful opioids while patients were under general anesthesia increased their risk of pain during recovery by about 27 times, researchers found. This is consistent with a known phenomenon called “opioid-induced hyperalgesia, where exposure to a high dose of opioids can lead to an increased sensitivity to pain stimuli,” researchers wrote. Patients also were five times more likely to have serious pain if they have a severe chronic illness, and eight times more likely if they were given drugs following surgery to treat anxiety, results show. People were 51% less likely to have pain if they were given no preoperative sedatives, and 71% less likely if they had undergone orthopedic surgery. Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.