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Last update 15 Apr 2025

Fentanyl

Last update 15 Apr 2025

Overview

R&D Status

Clinical Result

Translational Medicine

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryFentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is highly effective in the management of severe pain, especially in cancer patients. It exerts its analgesic effects by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Fentanyl is available in various formulations, including transdermal patches, lozenges, and injectable solutions. However, due to its potency, fentanyl carries a high risk of addiction, respiratory depression, and overdose. As a result, it is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States. Ongoing research is focused on developing safer and more effective delivery methods for fentanyl, such as abuse-deterrent formulations and novel routes of administration.

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

AeroLEF, Fentany Transdermal System, Fentanyl (JAN/USP/INN)

+ [38]

Target

Opioid receptors

Action

agonists

Mechanism

Opioid receptors agonists(Opioid receptors agonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System DiseasesOther Diseases

Active Indication

Cancer PainChronic PainPain

Inactive Indication

Acute PainAdvanced cancerBreakthrough Pain+ [12]

Originator Organization

Janssen Global Services LLC

Active Organization

Janssen Pharmaceutica NVJanssen Pharmaceutical KK

Beijing Kenuo Medical Technology Co., Ltd.

+ [4]

Inactive Organization

INSYS Therapeutics, Inc.

Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Janssen Research & Development LLC

+ [3]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (07 Aug 1990),

HypoventilationPain, Postoperative

Regulation-

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC22H28N2O

InChIKeyPJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry437-38-7

1,226

Clinical Trials associated with Fentanyl

NCT06696586

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

Comparison Between Effect of Systemic Fentanyl Infusion and Fentanyl Added as An Adjuvant to Lidocaine in Bier Block For Controlling Pain in Patients Undergoing Hand Surgeries

Injury and deformity of the upper extremity can result in dysfunction to nerves, tendons and bones which can lead to disability and pain.
Various techniques of regional anesthesia are frequently used for upper extremity surgery. Specifically, intravenous regional anesthesia, the Bier block, is an effective anesthetic technique. This technique, developed by Dr August Bier in 1908, provides complete anesthesia, a bloodless field, and eliminates the need for general anesthesia. However, it was not until the 1960s that this technique was reintroduced and used in upper extremity surgery due to several disadvantages and reports of major complications. Because of the dose of lidocaine and tourniquet time, there is potential for cardiac and neurological complications such as arrhythmias, seizures, and compartment syndrome the aim of this study To evaluate the effect of Systemic Fentanyl Infusion compared to addition of Fentanyl as An Adjuvant to Lidocaine in Bier Block for Controlling Pain in Patients Undergoing Hand Surgeries

Start Date01 Apr 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Assiut University

NCT06793358

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

Use of Remimazolam and Fentanyl for Procedural Sedation in Patients Undergoing Dental Extraction

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a combination of the two established sedation drugs remimazolam and fentanyl, can put the subject to sleep during a scheduled extraction procedure. The combined use of these drugs has been used in other studies involving IV sedation when the procedure is scheduled for 30 minutes or less. However, the combined use of the IV sedation drugs has not been used in a dental extraction procedure before.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
1. Can the combined drugs effectively put the patient to sleep during the procedure
2. How quickly will they come out of the sedation after the procedure
Participants will:
1. Receive the combined drugs during a scheduled extraction procedure anticipated to take less than 30 minutes
2. Answer survey questions related to their study experience after the extraction visit (in person) and again about 24 hours after the visit (by telephone).

Start Date30 Mar 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Indiana University

[+1]

CTIS2023-506803-25-01

/ RecruitingPhase 2/3IIT

AntaMIn - Pain reduction for limb injuries in pediatric emergency departments: A Randomised Clinical Trial comparing intranasal Fentanyl or intranasal Ketamine to oral morphine - APHP211044

Start Date26 Feb 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Paris

100 Clinical Results associated with Fentanyl

100 Translational Medicine associated with Fentanyl

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Fentanyl

30,073

Literatures (Medical) associated with Fentanyl

31 Dec 2025·ANNALS OF MEDICINE

Respiratory depression in women receiving propofol/esketamine versus propofol/fentanyl for abortion surgery or curettage: a randomized clinical trial

Article

Author: Chen, Huihe ; Guan, Xuehai ; Luo, Jiaxin ; Wu, Xiaoshan ; Cao, Huiyu ; Lan, Hongmeng ; Lin, Yuliu ; Zhang, Cuiwen ; Liao, Yeqing ; Huang, Xiaofang

BACKGROUND:

A combination of opioids with propofol is a popular approach to non-intubated general anaesthesia; however, this method usually results in higher incidence of respiratory depression. We compared the incidence of esketamine- and fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in women undergoing abortion surgery or curettage under propofol-based non-intubated general anaesthesia.

METHODS:

This study included 176 women (aged 18-60 years) scheduled for abortion surgery or curettage. Patients were randomized into the fentanyl or esketamine groups. Patients in the fentanyl group received fentanyl (1 µg/kg) combined with propofol intravenously. Patients in the esketamine group received subanaesthetic doses of esketamine (0.15 mg/kg) combined with propofol intravenously. The primary outcome was the incidence of respiratory depression during anaesthesia. Secondary outcomes included respiratory rate, pulse oximetry, blood pressure, heart rate, propofol dose, duration of surgery, duration of anaesthesia, and adverse events.

RESULTS:

The incidence of respiratory depression in the esketamine group was significantly lower than that in the fentanyl group (11% vs. 45%; p < .0001). Propofol administration was lower with esketamine than fentanyl. Respiratory rate, SpO₂ and blood pressure were more stable in the esketamine group than in the fentanyl group. The incidences of hypotension, propofol-induced injection pain and chin lifting in the esketamine group were lower than those in the fentanyl group. The incidence of nightmares was higher in the esketamine than in the fentanyl group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The incidence of respiratory depression was lower with subanaesthetic doses of esketamine than with fentanyl in women undergoing abortion surgery or curettage under propofol-based non-intubated general anaesthesia.KEY MESSAGESOpioids combined with propofol is a popular method for non-intubated general anaesthesia; however, this method usually results in higher incidence of respiratory depression.At subanaesthetic doses, esketamine provides an analgesic effect by antagonizing the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor.In this trial, the incidence of respiratory depression was lower with subanaesthetic doses of esketamine than with fentanyl in women undergoing abortion surgery or curettage under propofol-based non-intubated general anaesthesia.

01 Sep 2025·TALANTA

SERS detection of analgesics in serum based on Ag nanocubes for perioperative monitoring

Article

Author: Qin, Lei ; Ji, Yinghe ; Han, Lin ; Wu, Jing ; Wang, Yunpeng ; Zhu, Zhuo ; Li, Yang ; Sun, Tingting

Prompt and personalized perioperative analgesia management relies on sensitive and convenient monitoring of analgesics. We report a strategy for sensitive and reproducible SERS detection of analgesics based on Ag nanocubes, which have abundant intragranular hot spots on sharp corners and interparticle hot spots between gaps. Both theoretical simulations and R6G detection experiments indicated that the enhancement factor of Ag nanocube SERS platform reach to 10⁶ level. Quantitative and reproducible determination capabilities of this platform for six different analgesics with LOD as low as 500 pg mL^-1 were verified. Pharmacokinetic experiment of fentanyl in rat serum samples by SERS detection within 4 h presented consistent results with the UHPLC-MS/MS method. Valid examples of SERS detection for single or multiple analgesics in clinical patients' serums further proved the feasibility of this platform for perioperative analgesic monitoring.

01 Aug 2025·NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

A putative binding model of nitazene derivatives at the μ-opioid receptor

Article

Author: Shen, Jana ; Robertson, Michael J ; Skiniotis, Georgios ; Michaelides, Michael ; Stavitskaya, Lidiya ; Clayton, Joseph ; Shi, Lei

Nitazenes are a class of novel synthetic opioids with exceptionally high potency. Currently, an experimental structure of μOR-opioid receptor (μOR) in complex with a nitazene is lacking. Here we used a suite of computational tools, including consensus docking, conventional molecular dynamics (MD) and metadynamics simulations, to investigate the μOR binding modes of nitro-containing meto-, eto-, proto-, buto-, and isotonitazenes and nitro-less analogs, metodes-, etodes-, and protodesnitazenes. Docking generated three binding modes, whereby the nitro-substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazole group extends into SP1 (subpocket 1 between transmembrane helix or TM 2 and 3), SP2 (subpocket 2 between TM1, TM2, and TM7) or SP3 (subpocket 3 between TM5 and TM6). Simulations suggest that etonitazene and likely also other nitazenes favor the SP2-binding mode. Comparison to the experimental structures of μOR in complex with BU72, fentanyl, and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl (MP) allows us to propose a putative model for μOR-ligand recognition in which ligand can access hydrophobic SP1 or hydrophilic SP2, mediated by the conformational change of Gln124^2.60. Interestingly, in addition to water-mediated hydrogen bonds, the nitro group in nitazenes forms a π-hole interaction with the conserved Tyr75^1.39. Our computational analysis provides new insights into the mechanism of μOR-opioid recognition, paving the way for investigations of the structure-activity relationships of nitazenes.

372

News (Medical) associated with Fentanyl

10 Apr 2025

·www.prnewswire.com

Newborn Brains Are Smaller When Exposed to Opioids During Gestation

An important "first dive" into data from the 4-site Outcomes of Babies with Opioid Exposure (OBOE) study features a Cincinnati Children's expert as co-first author CINCINNATI, April 10, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- When pregnant women take opioids during pregnancy, even opioids such as buprenorphine or methadone to treat opioid use disorder, the developing brains of their children can be significantly affected, according to a study published April 7, 2025, in JAMA Pediatrics. Continue Reading Antenatal opioid exposure is associated with smaller neonatal brain volumes, with varying impact depending on the type and number of exposures, according to research published in JAMA Pediatrics. Stephanie Merhar, MD, MS, at Cincinnati Children's was first co-author. Total brain volume was nearly 5% smaller among 173 newborns with antenatal opioid exposure compared to 96 unexposed newborns, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. More specifically, reduced volumes among opioid-exposed newborns occurred in cortical gray matter, deep gray matter, white matter, cerebellum, brainstem, and the right and left amygdala. There were notable differences in the location and scale of the effects, which varied depending on the type of opioid involved, and whether other drugs were also taken during pregnancy. "We have known for a while that children exposed to opioids during pregnancy are at risk of later developmental and behavioral problems, but it was hard to know whether that was due to the opioids themselves or other factors such as other exposures or lower birth weight," says co-first author Stephanie Merhar, MD, MS, a neonatologist at Cincinnati Children's. "This study was launched because we needed a large study where we were able to control for things like nicotine exposure and birth weight. Our next step is to follow the children in the study to see whether having smaller brain volumes in the newborn period affects later development and behavior." The double-threat opioids pose to mothers and children Nearly 1 in 12 newborns in the United States in 2020 – or about 300,000 infants – were exposed to alcohol, opioids, marijuana or cocaine before they were born, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Prenatal substance exposure in rural areas often exceeds overall national averages. Opioids include illegal drugs like heroin and fentanyl, prescription drugs like oxycodone and hydrocodone, and medications for opioid use disorder like buprenorphine and methadone. Opioid use often goes hand in hand with smoking and use of other substances such as alcohol and marijuana. This study compared newborns born to mothers who took opioids only and newborns born to mothers who used other substances as well as opioids. Newborns exposed to opioids plus other substances had smaller brain volumes in more regions compared to those exposed to opioids only. The most common opioids among participants in the new study were buprenorphine (68.8%) and methadone (26%). Both of these opioids are routinely used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) and are both recommended for treatment of OUD during pregnancy by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. "We know that buprenorphine and methadone are life-saving medications for women with OUD," Merhar says. "We don't want to imply that women with OUD should wean off these medications, but we agree with the ACOG recommendation for more research on medically supervised withdrawal in pregnant women." The study was praised in an accompanying editorial penned by Nethra Madurai, MD, and Lauren Jantzie, PhD, both of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Other small studies have shown fetal brain changes caused by opioids. But this multi-center study is the first to be large enough to convincingly distinguish effects linked to opioids versus confounding factors such as maternal smoking, birth weight, education levels. The study authors "present compelling evidence of the direct effects of opioids on the developing brain," the editorial states. "Given the prospective design of the trial, they account for other postnatal factors…allowing us to dispel previous uncertainty surrounding the direct impacts of opioids on the brain vs the confounding effects of other environmental factors." What's next? Having more precise information about the affected parts of the brain could allow scientists to focus on interventions to support healthy brain development for children born after opioid exposure. "Indeed, we must shift our focus beyond the initial withdrawal symptoms associated with POE [prenatal opioid exposure] if we are to improve the lifelong health and well-being of infants and children impacted by the opioid epidemic," the editorial states. Read more about Merhar's research related to opioid exposure: 'Eat, Sleep, Console' Approach Slashes ICU Stays for Opioid-Exposed Newborns In Utero Opioid Exposure Impacts Fetal Brain Size and Development $8M Grant Funds Long-Term Opioid Exposure Study SOURCE Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

09 Apr 2025

·www.echemi.com

Viatris to Pay Up to $335 Million Over Nine Years to Settle Opioid Claims

Viatris has agreed to pay up to $335 million over a nine-year period as part of a nationwide settlement addressing claims from U.S. state and local governments regarding the company’s alleged role in the opioid crisis. The Pennsylvania-based pharmaceutical firm, established through the 2020 merger of Mylan and Pfizer’s Upjohn division, has not admitted to any wrongdoing in connection with this agreement. Under the terms of the settlement, Viatris will contribute between $27.5 million and $40 million annually to support state and local opioid initiatives. New York Attorney General Letitia James, a key figure in the negotiation process, emphasized the importance of this settlement, stating, “While no settlement can fully repair the damage caused by dangerous opioids, these funds will help New York and other states fight the opioid crisis.” Viatris markets opioid products, including the painkiller Ultiva and the Fentanyl Transdermal System, a generic version of Johnson & Johnson’s Duragesic patch. The company is among several pharmaceutical manufacturers accused by state and local governments of downplaying the risks associated with opioid medications. This settlement contributes to the more than $50 billion already secured from various drugmakers, distributors, and pharmacies implicated in the opioid epidemic. Notably, in January, Purdue Pharma and its owners, the Sackler family, reached a $7.4 billion settlement to resolve numerous lawsuits related to their pain medication OxyContin, which has been widely blamed for initiating the crisis. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, opioid-related overdoses claimed over 80,000 lives in 2023, contributing to a total of 700,000 deaths over the past two decades. This settlement underscores the ongoing efforts to address the devastating impact of the opioid epidemic and hold pharmaceutical companies accountable for their roles in the crisis.

Patent Infringement

07 Apr 2025

·www.prnewswire.com

Elysium Therapeutics Announces Development of Overdose Rescue Technology Specifically Designed for Oral Fentanyl

Synthetic Opioid Overdose Prevention and Reversal (SOOPR™) targets an unmet challenge in the illicit opioid crisis as current rescue medications are not designed for synthetic opioids, including oral fentanyl. LYONS, Colo., April 7, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Elysium Therapeutics, an emerging biopharmaceutical company developing treatments specifically designed to rescue and reverse overdoses caused by oral opioids, including synthetic opioids like fentanyl, announced its plan to accelerate development of its Synthetic Opioid Overdose Prevention and Reversal (SOOPR™) technology. The company has completed in vivo proof-of-concept studies and expects to file an Investigational New Drug (IND) application in 2026. SOOPR is a rapid-onset, long-acting rescue agent specifically designed to address overdose from synthetic opioids, including oral fentanyl. SOOPR utilizes a proprietary long-acting naloxone prodrug formulation with faster onset kinetics versus Narcan® delivered via long-acting injection (LAI) technology. The technology is designed to rapidly restore respiration and provide 18 to 24 hours of effective opioid blockade to minimize the risk of re-narcotization, while also providing protection from same-day re-use of opioids. "Fentanyl overdoses often require very high, or repeated, doses of short-acting opioid antagonists to effect a successful rescue," said Greg Sturmer, Co-Founder and CEO of Elysium Therapeutics. "Unfortunately, many who overdose face a rapid recurrence of symptoms, known as re-narcotization, which can lead to respiratory depression and increase the likelihood of hypoxic brain injury or death. SOOPR is designed to address this situation, and Elysium is now focused on advancing its development as a potential first-ever, faster-onset, longer-acting opioid rescue therapy specifically intended to treat fentanyl overdose." Currently approved short-acting opioid antagonists like Narcan and Opvee® were designed to effectively counteract overdoses from opioids such as heroin and oxycodone. However, these rescue agents are frequently ineffective in the management of synthetic opioid overdoses1, with 20 to 45% of overdose victims initially rescued with naloxone experiencing a re-narcotization event. According to reports from multiple state-affiliated health agencies, 31 to 39% of fentanyl overdose decedents had been administered naloxone.2 Data from in vivo proof-of-concept studies of SOOPR demonstrated a more rapid onset of action versus naloxone (Narcan) and a significantly longer duration of action. This profile is especially useful in counteracting oral fentanyl overdoses associated with prolonged fentanyl absorption and exposure that often outlast the short-acting profile of Narcan. "In designing SOOPR, Elysium recognized that synthetic opioids – now the number one killer of adults aged 18 to 45 in the U.S. – are particularly lethal," said Tom Jenkins, Ph.D., Co-Founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Elysium Therapeutics. "Patients initially treated with a rapid-acting, long-duration reversal agent, such as SOOPR, are expected to have less risk of hypoxic brain injury, cardiovascular events, re-narcotization, and death. Further, rescue interventions with SOOPR are expected to require less intensive monitoring in both the ambulance and emergency department and increase the likelihood of survival. Additionally, SOOPR is designed to be delivered by intramuscular injection, either using a pre-filled syringe or autoinjector, which has been demonstrated to be more rapid and predictable than intranasal delivery in urgent settings, where every second counts." "In addition to preventing overdose deaths from recreational, illicit use, the Department of Defense (DOD) has made clear the importance of improving opioid overdose rescue as a needed medical countermeasure," added Sturmer. "The DOD reported that the availability of synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl and its derivatives, represents a significant threat as a chemical weapon, which could be easily disseminated as a weapon of mass destruction into air, water or food supplies, putting countless lives at risk. We look forward to working with defense and government organizations as we develop SOOPR as a tool to prevent injury and death in these worrisome scenarios." About SOOPR™ (Synthetic Opioid Overdose Prevention and Rescue) SOOPR (Synthetic Opioid Overdose Prevention and Reversal) is a rapid-onset, long-acting rescue agent specifically designed to address overdose from synthetic opioids, including oral fentanyl. SOOPR utilizes a proprietary long-acting naloxone reversal formulation with faster onset kinetics versus Narcan® delivered via long-acting injection (LAI) technology. The technology is designed to rapidly restore respiration and provide 18 – 24 hours of effective opioid blockade to minimize the risk of re-narcotization, while also providing protection from same-day re-use of opioids. SOOPR has been endorsed by first responders and OUD treatment professionals as the effective solution urgently needed to address the global opioid overdose epidemic. About Elysium Therapeutics Elysium is an emerging biopharmaceutical company developing treatments specifically designed to rescue and reverse overdoses caused by oral synthetic opioids, including fentanyl. Elysium is working to establish new standards of safety in the opioid industry by developing SMART™ (Safer Medicines Alleviate Risks and Trauma) products, first- and best-in-class medicines that address the limitations and dangers associated with opioids and overdose rescue agents to reduce suffering from opioid-use disorder, opioid overdose, and acute pain. Elysium's lead technology, SOOPR™ (Synthetic Opioid Overdose Prevention and Reversal), is a long-acting opioid antagonist specifically designed to address oral synthetic opioid, including fentanyl, overdose. Tens of thousands of unnecessary overdose deaths each year exemplifies the critical shortcomings of currently available rescue agents, including naloxone and nalmefene. In addition, Elysium is developing oral-overdose protected (O2P™) hydrocodone for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acute pain. For more information, please visit . 1 Rachael Rzasa Lynn and JL Galinkin Ther Adv Drug Saf 2018, Vol. 9(1) 63–88 (Also see footnotes 8, 9, and 10 for additional discussion). 2 Watson, W.A., Steele, M.T., Muelleman, R.L., Rush, M.D., 1998. Opioid toxicity recurrence after an initial response to naloxone. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 36 (1-2), 11–17. . SOURCE Elysium Therapeutics WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

Drug Approval

100 Deals associated with Fentanyl

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00320	Fentanyl	N02AB03 N01AH01	DB00813

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Cancer Pain	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceutical KK	01 Feb 2011
Pain	Australia	Janssen-Cilag Pty Ltd.	23 Nov 2005
Acute Pain	United States	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	04 Feb 2005
Chronic Pain	United States	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	04 Feb 2005
Hypoventilation	United States	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	07 Aug 1990
Pain, Postoperative	United States	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	07 Aug 1990

Developing

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Mucositis	Phase 3	United States	INSYS Therapeutics, Inc.	01 Oct 2009
Solid tumor	Phase 3	United States	INSYS Therapeutics, Inc.	01 Oct 2009
Stomatitis	Phase 3	United States	INSYS Therapeutics, Inc.	01 Oct 2009
Low Back Pain	Phase 3	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Jan 2009
Osteoarthritis	Phase 3	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Jan 2009
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes	Phase 3	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Dec 2008
Neuralgia, Postherpetic	Phase 3	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Dec 2008
Pain Disorder	Phase 3	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Dec 2008
Pain, Intractable	Phase 3	-	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 May 2005
Neoplasms	Phase 3	-	ALZA Corp.	01 May 1986

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


ASH2024	Not Applicable	Acute Pain \| Anemia, Sickle Cell	-	Intranasal Fentanyl (INF)	vzxineromw(eglakughfo) = 7 (18%) of visits rigxexfkmb (ukhcqzlsio ) View more	-	08 Dec 2024
NCT05244226 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Sleep Apnea, Obstructive \| Tonsillitis \| Pain, Procedural	66	Hydromorphone+Fentanyl	rlmrocpvnm(qfdnpbvdvc) = doixznlmke rcbfswbsqx (svxmdouqkb, ipyzqgyjej - trzysunntg) View more	-	17 Oct 2024
SFN2023	Not Applicable	Opioid abuse \| Respiratory Insufficiency	-	Fentanyl + Xylazine + Oxytocin	gvvackddoh(cozutzuzil) = rfhhzpudst yvghvuutny (apxjkvsynq )	-	12 Nov 2023
NCT03115151 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Pain	46	Fentanyl+Bupivacaine (Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia)	hyetxnmnix(rlkixbuymk) = vmqpwbsslk llephrkpmg (odfsgecoez, 24.69) View more	-	26 Oct 2023
				Hydromorphone (Intravenous Patient-controlled Analgesia)	hyetxnmnix(rlkixbuymk) = azynkubfoe llephrkpmg (odfsgecoez, 25.41) View more
ICML2023	Not Applicable	18 FDG	-	Fentanyl pre-treatment	lczxmxwqfl(bvyekqploa) = wvyzajuceb rtzarhmajl (kdmavihtic )	Positive	09 Jun 2023
				No fentanyl pre-treatment	lczxmxwqfl(bvyekqploa) = tpkrmkjunz rtzarhmajl (kdmavihtic )
P12-11.015 (AAN2023)	Not Applicable	Parkinson Disease	1,581	Fentanyl patch	rnifyinahz(kjemgqfhlc) = involuntary, nonsuppressible writhing motion of the face, trunk and all limbs ldvvygubdb (onmmvwwrmo ) View more	Negative	25 Apr 2023
Pubmed \| Braz J Anesthesiol	Not Applicable	Anesthesia	-	Spinal fentanyl	pcqbtyyzgx(jkfgfyjmzb) = labopvsnlr exgutiajxj (yxigpiqwfh )	-	01 Mar 2023
				Spinal sufentanil	pcqbtyyzgx(jkfgfyjmzb) = bwoxqbgyzq exgutiajxj (yxigpiqwfh )
NCT00580489 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	Pain \| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions	204	fentanyl+morphine (Arm C Morphine)	aldavkflwt = uinxuijsrm dmilapwaim (whywyfcjiy, lodlunykpe - mgmtawrglu)	-	16 Aug 2022
				fentanyl+morphine (Arm D Fentanyl)	aldavkflwt = nrwlyscozq dmilapwaim (whywyfcjiy, hrhenonfsl - ptxtwhndfy)
NCT03776838 (NOLGYN, Pubmed \| Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med)	Phase 4	-	70	NOL-guided administration of fentanyl	lpncmidfkk(imajqqduzu) = sorddtztbi azwyzxygao (lmyyoiqmdx, 99.9 - 113.4)	Positive	25 May 2022
				intravenous fentanyl (Standardized care)	lpncmidfkk(imajqqduzu) = zrlarzkdrw azwyzxygao (lmyyoiqmdx, 97.5 - 110.7)

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