Efficacy of Neostigmine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block as a Postoperative Analgesia After Caesarean Delivery.

Cesarean birth is a common surgical procedure. After cesarean birth, postsurgical pain may delay recovery, interfere with maternal-newborn bonding, and reduce the breastfeeding if not adequately controlled. Postpartum analgesia has become a common concern.
Many adjuvant drugs used for peripheral nerve blocks as( N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists , Magnesium , Ephedrine , Dexamesathone , Fentanyl , Midazolam and Neostigmine) The potential of neostigmine as an adjuvant in peripheral nerve block is through its action to increase acetylcholine at muscarinic junctions of peripheral nerves. 500 mcg neostigmine was used as adjuvant to local anesthetic in an axillary brachial plexus block leads to decreased pain and less use of analgesics in the first 24 hours postoperatively with no incidence of adverse effects.

Start Date01 Dec 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Mansoura University

ChiCTR2400092765 / SuspendedEarly Phase 1IIT

The effect of liposomal bupivacaine for thoracolumbar interfascial plane on postoperative recovery quality and opioid dosage in lumbar spine surgery

Start Date01 Jan 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator-

ChiCTR2400092441 / SuspendedEarly Phase 1IIT

Study on the safety and efficacy of bupivacaine liposomes in peripheral nerve blockade of anterior and posterior capsule of hip joint

Start Date01 Jan 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Bupivacaine

100 Translational Medicine associated with Bupivacaine

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Bupivacaine

14,770

Literatures (Medical) associated with Bupivacaine

01 Jan 2025·Journal of veterinary dentistry

The Effectiveness of Liposome-Encapsulated Bupivacaine Compared to Standard Bupivacaine for Anesthesia of the Maxilla in Dogs

Article

Author: Bartholomew, Kyle ; Smith, Lesley J.

Medical and surgical procedures involving the canine maxilla can be painful both during and for several hours post-procedure. The length of this pain may exceed the predicted duration of standard bupivacaine or lidocaine. The goal of this study was to determine the duration and efficacy of sensory blockade of the maxilla produced by liposome-encapsulated bupivacaine (LB), compared to standard bupivacaine (B) or saline (0.9% NaCl) (S), when administered as a modified maxillary nerve block in dogs. Eight maxillae were studied bilaterally from 4 healthy dogs of the same breed and similar age. This prospective, randomized, crossover, blinded study evaluated a modified maxillary nerve block using 1.3% LB at 0.1 mL/kg, 0.5% B, or S at an equivalent volume. An electronic von Frey aesthesiometer (VFA) was used to evaluate mechanical nociceptive thresholds at 4 locations on each hemimaxilla at baseline and at specific intervals up to 72-h post-treatment. Both B and LB treatments resulted in significantly higher VFA thresholds when compared to S. Dogs that received B had VFA thresholds significantly higher than S for 5 to 6 h. Dogs that received LB had thresholds significantly higher than S for 6 to 12 h depending on the site of measurement. No complications were observed. Maxillary nerve block with B provided up to 6 h, and LB 12 h, of sensory blockade depending on the site tested.

01 Jan 2025·ANAESTHESIA

Combined spinal‐epidural vs. dural puncture epidural techniques for labour analgesia: a randomised controlled trial*

Article

Author: Habib, Ashraf S. ; Padilla, Andrew ; Rubright, Samantha M. ; Fuller, Matthew ; Pham, Trung ; Craig, Amanda ; Zang, Hannah

Summary:

Background:

The dural puncture epidural technique is a modification of the combined spinal‐epidural technique. Data comparing the two techniques are limited. We performed this randomised study to compare the quality of labour analgesia following initiation of analgesia with the dural puncture epidural vs. the combined spinal‐epidural technique.

Methods:

Term parturients requesting labour epidural analgesia were allocated randomly to receive either dural puncture epidural or combined spinal‐epidural. Analgesia was initiated with 2 mg intrathecal bupivacaine and 10 μg fentanyl in parturients allocated to the combined spinal‐epidural group and with 20 ml ropivacaine 0.1% with 2 μg.ml‐1 fentanyl in parturients allocated to the dural puncture epidural group. Analgesia was maintained using patient‐controlled epidural analgesia with programmed intermittent epidural boluses. The primary outcome of the study was the quality of labour analgesia, which was defined by a composite of five components: asymmetric block after 30 min of initiation (difference in sensory level of more than two dermatomes); epidural top‐up interventions; catheter adjustment; catheter replacement; and failed conversion to neuraxial anaesthesia for caesarean delivery, requiring general anaesthesia or replacement of the neuraxial block.

Results:

One hundred parturients were included in the analysis (48 combined spinal‐epidural, 52 dural puncture epidural). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the primary composite outcome of quality of analgesia (33% in the combined spinal‐epidural group vs. 25% in the dural puncture epidural group), risk ratio (95%CI) 0.75 (0.40–1.39); p = 0.486. Median (IQR [range]) pain scores at 15 min were significantly lower in patients allocated to the combined spinal‐epidural group compared with the dural puncture epidural group (0 (0–1[0–8]) vs. 1 (0–4 [0–10]); p = 0.018).

Conclusions:

There were no significant differences in the quality of labour analgesia following initiation of a combined spinal‐epidural compared with a dural puncture epidural technique.

01 Jan 2025·ANESTHESIOLOGY

Liposomal Bupivacaine for Fascial Plane Block: Reply

Article

Author: Abdallah, Faraj W. ; Hussain, Nasir

171

News (Medical) associated with Bupivacaine

04 Dec 2024

·www.businesswire.com

Allay Therapeutics Receives FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD) for ATX101 for the Treatment of Post-surgical Pain Following Total Knee Replacement Surgery

SAN JOSE, Calif.--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Allay Therapeutics , a clinical-stage biotechnology company pioneering ultra-sustained analgesic products to transform post-surgical pain management and recuperation, today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Breakthrough Therapy designation (BTD) for its lead investigational product ATX101 for treatment of postsurgical pain following TKA procedures in adults. This BTD was granted based on clinical data from a Phase 2 exploratory dose-ranging trial for the treatment of Post-Surgical Pain following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), or replacement. “ We’re delighted that the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy designation for ATX101, which we believe recognizes the clear unmet need for novel non-opioid therapies that may provide extended pain relief to patients in the weeks following TKA surgeries. Despite decades of development efforts, current treatment methods provide only a few days of pain relief with complicated treatment regimens. ATX101 is designed to provide patients weeks of pain relief enabling an active recovery with less opioids used and less opioid-related side effects and risks,” stated Sharon Hall, SVP of Regulatory Affairs at Allay Therapeutics. “ This BTD will allow us to work closely with the FDA to efficiently advance the ATX101 development program through its clinical and regulatory milestones, and eventual NDA filing. Our planned Phase 2B registrational trial will start early next year with leading investigative pain centers in the U.S. to fully assess ATX101’s potential impact on patient’s pain and recovery following painful total knee replacement surgeries.” The BTD is supported by Allay’s recently completed dose-ranging Phase 2 exploratory trial (n=112) of ATX101 as compared to (SOC) active comparator, bupivacaine. Data showed that ATX101 achieved sustained, clinically meaningful post-surgical pain relief for up to four weeks following TKA compared to the standard of care. Treatment with ATX101 resulted in a decrease in opioid use as well as a decrease in opioid-related side effects and meaningful improvements in functional activities and satisfaction up to 60 days following surgery. FDA’s Breakthrough Therapy program is designed to expedite development review of drugs intended to treat a serious or life-threatening condition for which preliminary clinical evidence indicates the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over available therapies. Under the designation, the FDA provides intensive guidance, organizational commitment involving senior managers, and eligibility for rolling review and other actions to expedite review. To learn more about Breakthrough Therapy designation, click here . About ATX101 ATX101 is a novel investigational configuration of an approved, well-characterized, validated intracellular sodium ion channel blocker, bupivacaine, and a biopolymer that has been designed to provide weeks of pain relief following total knee arthroplasty (TKA, or replacement), a common orthopedic surgery. ATX101 has a high density of drug within its small footprint to allow for ultra-sustained analgesia. It is placed in minutes at the end of standard surgery to deliver its analgesic effect over weeks before eventually dissolving into water and carbon dioxide. The simple procedure does not require specialized training and is intended to replace the existing complex mix of analgesic products used for shorter-term pain management in the post-surgical setting. ATX101 is an investigational product that has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. About Allay Therapeutics Allay Therapeutics is pioneering ultra-sustained analgesic products to transform post-surgical pain management and recuperation for patients and physicians. Our proprietary technology platform combines validated non-opioid analgesics and biopolymers to create dissolvable candidates to deliver pain relief within a targeted site over weeks: an order of magnitude greater than the longest-lasting pain treatments currently available. Our platform and vision were shaped by The Foundry incubator and Lightstone Venture’s Singapore Fund. Allay unites a dynamic, global team of entrepreneurs, scientists, clinicians and innovators in the San Francisco Bay Area and Singapore. Learn more at allaytx.com .

Phase 2Clinical ResultBreakthrough TherapyFast Track

22 Nov 2024

·www.businesswire.com

Virpax Announces Positive Results for the Swine Model Dose Range Finding Study for Probudur™

BERWYN, Pa.--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Virpax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: VRPX) (“Virpax” or the “Company”) , a company specializing in developing non-addictive products for pain management, post-traumatic stress disorder, central nervous system (CNS) disorders and anti-viral barrier indications, today announced results from a minipig Dose Range Finding (“DRF”) study for Probudur. Probudur is the company’s long-acting liposomal bupivacaine formulation injected at a wound site to provide both immediate and extended pain relief. The DRF study was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of Probudur in an incisional wound healing model in minipigs. Probudur was injected locally into the tissue surrounding the incision area. All of the minipigs demonstrated positive tolerance to Probudur and no adverse effects were noted. The development program for Probudur continues to support the Company’s belief that Probudur has the potential to provide both immediate and sustained pain relief at the incisional area. “These positive study results in our pharmacokinetics and safety studies for Probudur and continue to demonstrate both immediate relief as well as sustained relief at the wound site,” stated Jatinder Dhaliwal, Chief Executive Officer of Virpax. “The completion of these studies brings us another step closer to filing our Investigational New Drug Application (IND) for Probudur.” Probudur is being developed to achieve the overall goal of safe and effective pain control during the perioperative period and significantly reduce or eliminate the need for opioids after surgery in approved indications. Probudur is a local anesthetic that binds to the sodium channel, preventing pain signals from reaching the brain. In preclinical studies, Probudur has shown long duration pain control for at least 96 hours, with a rat incisional model demonstrating analgesia for up to five days and in vitro studies demonstrating a slow release of bupivacaine that lasted for up to six days. About Virpax Pharmaceuticals Virpax is developing branded, non-addictive pain management products candidates using its proprietary technologies to optimize and target drug delivery. Virpax is initially seeking FDA approval for two prescription drug candidates that employ two different patented drug delivery platforms. Probudur™ is a single injection liposomal bupivacaine formulation being developed to manage post-operative pain and Envelta™ is an intranasal molecular envelope enkephalin formulation being developed to manage acute and chronic pain, including pain associated with cancer. Virpax is also using its intranasal Molecular Envelope Technology (MET) to develop one other prescription product candidate, NobrXiol™, which is being developed for the nasal delivery of a pharmaceutical-grade cannabidiol (CBD) for the management of rare pediatric epilepsy. Virpax has competitive cooperative research and development agreements (CRADAs) for two of its prescription drug candidates, one with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and one with the Department of Defense (DOD). Virpax is also seeking partners for two nonprescription product candidates: AnQlar, which is being developed to inhibit viral replication caused by influenza or SARS-CoV-2, and Epoladerm™, which is a topical diclofenac spray film formulation being developed to manage pain associated with osteoarthritis. For more information, please visit https://www.virpaxpharma.com .and follow us on Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube. Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains certain forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, including those described below. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industry and markets in which we operate and management’s current beliefs and assumptions. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking expressions, including, but not limited to, “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. These statements relate to future events and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including the additional capital which will be necessary to complete studies and clinical trials that the Company plans to initiate and other factors listed under “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q that the Company has filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Prospective investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Clinical Result

21 Nov 2024

·www.businesswire.com

Virpax Announces Agreement with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services for the Developmental Extension for NES100 Towards IND for Acute and Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Alternative

BERWYN, Pa.--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Virpax Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: VRPX) (“Virpax” or the “Company”) , a company specializing in developing pharmaceutical products for pain management, announced that it has been granted an extension of its cooperative research and development agreement with the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), an institute/center of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This collaboration is for the continued development of Virpax’s product candidate, NES100, an intranasal peptide, for the management of acute and chronic non-cancer pain. NES100 is an enkephalin drug product based on a type of nanotechnology delivery approach. Enkephalin is a naturally occurring (endogenous) peptide that is not easily administered in its original form. We believe that the nanotechnology may enable and enhance the delivery of this metabolically labile peptide drug into the brain. NES100 is the first investigational product formulation delivered via the nasal route with the potential to enhance enkephalin transport to the brain. NES100 uses a preassembled device and cartridge to propel the enkephalin formulation through the nose to the brain by flowing along the olfactory nerve pathway. The Molecular Envelope Technology (MET) is designed to protect and help carry the drug to the brain with the goal of promptly suppressing pain by binding to the delta opioid receptors. NES100 has demonstrated analgesic potential in animal models without the development of opioid tolerance, withdrawal, respiratory depression, euphoria, or addiction associated with use of opioids. Jatinder Dhaliwal, Chief Executive Officer of Virpax, commented, "We are excited that this collaboration has been extended with NCATS and the NIH Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) initiative as we believe that it may help Virpax develop an effective and safe alternative to conventional opioids used by patients to manage acute and chronic pain. We believe that the NIH/NCATS collaborative agreement will enable our team to maintain momentum in both our pre-clinical and clinical development strategies." About Virpax Pharmaceuticals Virpax is developing branded, non-addictive pain management products candidates using its proprietary technologies to optimize and target drug delivery. Virpax is initially seeking FDA approval for two prescription drug candidates that employ two different patented drug delivery platforms. Probudur™ is a single injection liposomal bupivacaine formulation being developed to manage post-operative pain and Envelta™ is an intranasal molecular envelope enkephalin formulation being developed to manage acute and chronic pain, including pain associated with cancer. Virpax is also using its intranasal Molecular Envelope Technology (MET) to develop one other prescription product candidate, NobrXiol™, which is being developed for the nasal delivery of a pharmaceutical-grade cannabidiol (CBD) for the management of rare pediatric epilepsy. Virpax has competitive cooperative research and development agreements (CRADAs) for two of its prescription drug candidates, one with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and one with the Department of Defense (DOD). Virpax is also seeking partners for two nonprescription product candidates: AnQlar, which is being developed to inhibit viral replication caused by influenza or SARS-CoV-2, and Epoladerm™, which is a topical diclofenac spray film formulation being developed to manage pain associated with osteoarthritis. For more information, please visit https://www.virpaxpharma.com .and follow us on Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube. Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains certain forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, including those described below. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industry and markets in which we operate and management’s current beliefs and assumptions. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking expressions, including, but not limited to, “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. These statements relate to future events and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including the additional capital which will be necessary to complete studies and clinical trials that the Company plans to initiate and other factors listed under “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q that the Company has filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Prospective investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

100 Deals associated with Bupivacaine

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D07552	Bupivacaine	N01BB01	DB00297

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Pain, Postoperative	US	Pacira Biosciences, Inc.	28 Oct 2011

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Back Pain	Phase 3	US	Pacira Biosciences, Inc.	30 Apr 2024
Complication	Phase 3	US	Pacira Biosciences, Inc.	30 Apr 2024
Osteoarthritis, Knee	Phase 3	US	Pacira Biosciences, Inc.	18 Jan 2022
Nausea	Phase 3	US	Pacira Biosciences, Inc.	22 Oct 2021
Pain	Phase 3	US	Pacira Biosciences, Inc.	22 Oct 2021
Analgesia	Phase 3	US	Pacira Biosciences, Inc.	14 Apr 2021
Leg Injuries	Phase 3	US	Pacira Biosciences, Inc.	20 Oct 2020
Ankylosis	Phase 3	-	Pacira Biosciences, Inc.	15 Jun 2020
Metatarsus Varus	Phase 3	-	Pacira Biosciences, Inc.	15 Jun 2020
Shoulder Pain	Phase 3	-	Pacira Biosciences, Inc.	01 Nov 2019

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT04364867 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Pain, Postoperative	102	Exparel (Exparel)	sbgztteeao(wretfrakyl) = ercfjpfxro kxxkfkecxh (bbqpfgzpwg, hvhjoifrjg - hdxlzzpsrm) View more	-	26 Nov 2024
				Pain Pump (Pain Pump)	sbgztteeao(wretfrakyl) = fxhitlgdpm kxxkfkecxh (bbqpfgzpwg, abfcgmtptk - bcofqcsoqe) View more
NCT04928339 (CTgov)	Phase 4	-	100	Liposomal Bupivacaine (PIFB Intervention)	yxbzrzyaty(zkypmglbpy) = jmlkkhdgbq vcsxldcemw (liygctujge, hycznqmdmg - hgkxqpjxhi) View more	-	19 Nov 2024
				saline (Saline Control)	yxbzrzyaty(zkypmglbpy) = vvxccwuflc vcsxldcemw (liygctujge, jnajlghtiv - smyisimqmp) View more
NCT05068661 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Labor Pain	101	Ropivacaine 0.1% Injectable Solution+Bupivacaine 0.25% Injectable Solution (Combined Spinal Epidural)	ejssdujooo(dacqmjpnro) = kohcpetbey irprvprjke (gxarkyggdw, dcjiowimcx - imamfclylv) View more	-	06 Nov 2024
				Ropivacaine 0.1% Injectable Solution (Dural Puncture Epidural)	ejssdujooo(dacqmjpnro) = gsrtfwugiv irprvprjke (gxarkyggdw, tjhsdffeqn - fbmbaphqbc) View more
NCT05139030 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Osteoarthritis, Knee \| Pain, Postoperative	167	EXPAREL (Cohort 1 + 2 EXPAREL ADMIX ARM)	ayfajhtpbd(fcuoprmumd) = dbumdqnspi fnhcyhcmfn (iwaerbrosj, cukywzvwtc - jhssjqsekj) View more	-	24 Oct 2024
				BUPIVACAINE (Cohort 1 + 2 BUPIVACAINE HCI ARM)	ayfajhtpbd(fcuoprmumd) = cxlyrzhvwo fnhcyhcmfn (iwaerbrosj, rafsevqxfy - ztrbsdbymd) View more
NCT04258631 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Female Genital Neoplasms \| Pain	105	Laparotomy+Liposomal Bupivacaine (Arm I (Laparotomy, Liposomal Bupivacaine))	bdnpnedfqc(mthltcssyx) = kkhfpfitcm aeophlrmyp (yfogcvuaqg, bktbguxlyf - gadjorzzsp) View more	-	16 Oct 2024
				Laparotomy+Hydromorphone+Liposomal Bupivacaine (Arm II (Laparotomy, Liposomal Bupivacaine, Hydromorphone))	bdnpnedfqc(mthltcssyx) = frendxremx aeophlrmyp (yfogcvuaqg, xamtkaujrg - mkgcydatbv) View more
NCT04777591 (Pubmed \| Plast Reconstr Surg)	Phase 4	-	117	Bupivacaine and Epinephrine TAP block	ounbctaiwj(jvrgebvlyo) = tkuuxlnspx mkiwccqlau (cjgqbjpmqa ) View more	Negative	01 Oct 2024
				Liposomal Bupivacaine, Bupivacaine, and Epinephrine TAP block	ounbctaiwj(jvrgebvlyo) = bvkoxkgbvf mkiwccqlau (cjgqbjpmqa ) View more
NCT03859024 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Urethral Stricture \| Pain, Postoperative	48	Acetaminophen+Ibuprofen 800 mg+Oxycodone (Standard Protocol)	zvgbdcmxom(qohcuvnzai) = zpkqhkqnld tnbfeltcyz (gsevwgrilv, ujiwtxggeg - ztxweiehql) View more	-	19 Sep 2024
				Acetaminophen+Ibuprofen 800 mg+celebrex+Dexamethasone+Oxycodone+Bupivacaine+Gabapentin (Enhanced Recovery Protocol)	zvgbdcmxom(qohcuvnzai) = ddffnjqnwe tnbfeltcyz (gsevwgrilv, fpltlucows - zphjjkgmra) View more
NCT05767749 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Anesthesia	75	Ropivacaine+Epinephrine+Lidocaine (Lidocaine+Epinephrine (vs Ropivacaine))	fvdoiueedl(gvbzhodmba) = dpwetbxmpz pvcjjusmzq (amqmljfqou, czohrvghug - jmtzpkynro) View more	-	19 Sep 2024
				Ropivacaine+Epinephrine+Lidocaine (Ropivacaine (vs Lidocaine+Epinephrine))	fvdoiueedl(gvbzhodmba) = gnfclcjdob pvcjjusmzq (amqmljfqou, wvwmmpbvar - lvlhxlemab) View more
NCT03266926 (Pubmed \| J Minim Invasive Gynecol)	Not Applicable	-	210	Estrogen-soaked vaginal packs	xsvmivqdiy(bxleptrhao) = qeypwokqwe ijlgifjdno (yfyuaqmxmf ) View more	Negative	01 Sep 2024
				Bupivacaine-soaked vaginal packs	xsvmivqdiy(bxleptrhao) = stzvbwgtjh ijlgifjdno (yfyuaqmxmf ) View more
NCT04254692 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Pain, Postoperative	2	liposomal bupivacaine (Liposomal Bupivacaine)	ljhoemyvpa(ywvamtqfwt) = pkzgkdbaiv nwzuopchba (ycfulgtuwf, yujdaxxwoy - zzctdrjots) View more	-	07 Aug 2024
				Standard of care (Bupivacaine)	ljhoemyvpa(ywvamtqfwt) = edozgiscjx nwzuopchba (ycfulgtuwf, mxitmlgzeh - bzmeaphwfv) View more

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