Last update 29 Jun 2024
Clomiphene Citrate
Last update 29 Jun 2024
Overview
Basic Info
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms Clomifene citrate (JP17), Clomiphene citrate (USP), MER-41 + [7] |
Target |
Mechanism ERs antagonists(Estrogen receptors antagonists) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date US (01 Feb 1967), |
Regulation- |
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Structure
Molecular FormulaC32H36ClNO8 |
InChIKeyPYTMYKVIJXPNBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry50-41-9 |
Related
197
Clinical Trials associated with Clomiphene CitrateCost-effective Treatment of Unexplained Infertility: A Prospective Multicenter, Double-blinded, Randomised Controlled Study
Evaluation of Comparative Efficacy of Vrushadi Vati Versus Tab Clomiphene citrate in the Management of Kshina Shukra (Oligospermia)- RCT - Nil
Clomiphene citrate: Role in infertile men with oligozoospermia
100 Clinical Results associated with Clomiphene Citrate
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100 Translational Medicine associated with Clomiphene Citrate
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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Clomiphene Citrate
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3,723
Literatures (Medical) associated with Clomiphene Citrate01 Mar 2024Hormones (Athens, Greece)
Insulin-sensitizing agents for infertility treatment in woman with polycystic ovary syndrome: a narrative review of current clinical practice
Review
Author: Macut, Djuro ; Mastorakos, George ; Rakić, Aleksandar ; Bjekić-Macut, Jelica ; Sparić, Radmila ; Livadas, Sarantis ; Andjić, Mladen ; Kontić-Vučinić, Olivera
PURPOSE:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive disorder which, according to the Rotterdam criteria, affects up to 24% of women of childbearing age. Although the prevalence of infertility in this subpopulation of women is high, the optimal treatment has not been fully established yet. Insulin resistance is considered to be an important mechanism involved in the development of PCOS; hence, the aim of this narrative review is to present an overview of the current pharmacological insulin-sensitizing treatment modalities for infertile women with PCOS.
METHODS:
A MEDLINE and PubMed search for the years 1990-2023 was performed using a combination of keywords. Clinical trials with insulin sensitizers used for infertility treatment as well as analyses of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were evaluated. When deemed necessary, additional articles referenced in the retrieved papers were included in this narrative review.
RESULTS:
Several insulin-sensitizing compounds and various therapeutical protocols are available for infertility treatment of women with PCOS. Metformin is the most common adjuvant medication to induce ovulation in infertile women with PCOS and is more frequently administered in combination with clomiphene citrate than on its own. Recently, inositol and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as possible options for infertility treatment in PCOS.
CONCLUSION:
The future of medical treatment of PCOS women with infertility lies in a personalized pharmacological approach, which involves various compounds with different mechanisms of action that could modify ovarian function and endometrial receptivity, ultimately leading to better overall reproductive outcomes in these women.
01 Feb 2024Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
Protective effects of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: A comprehensive study in female wistar rats
Article
Author: Jameel Alshamrani, Haya ; V Gadhave, Pradnya ; Imam Rabbani, Syed ; Gilkaramenthi, Rafiulla ; Abdulrazaq AlAnazi, Majidah ; Alobid, Saad ; Das, Kuntal ; Yasmin, Farhana ; Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin ; Sajane, Sachin J ; Redasani, Vivekkumar K ; Ibrahim Almoteer, Ali ; Prasad P, Dharani ; V Sutar, Guruprasad
Background:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the known causes of anovulatory fertility in the world. Previous research has linked oxidative stress could contribute to PCOS, and vanillic acid has shown antioxidant potential. Hence, the present study evaluated the effect of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in female rats.
Materials and methods:
PCOS was induced in Wistar female rats with letrozole (1 mg/kg, orally) in carboxymethoxycellulose (1 % w/v), administered for 21 days. After induction, the standard group received clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg, orally) while other treatment groups were administered with vanillic acid at doses 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, orally for 15 days, and without treatment was considered a negative control group. Different parameters studied were body weight, ovary weight, blood glucose, lipid profile, hormonal levels [luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone], markers for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase, and malonaldehyde), and histopathology of the ovary. Statistical analysis was done for the results and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate the significance.
Results:
Vanillic acid-treated animals showed a concentration-dependent activity on the tested parameters. The highest tested dose (100 mg/kg) produced a more prominent effect in significantly (P < 0.001) decreasing the body weight, and ovary weight and improving the hormonal imbalance. Also, vanillic acid significantly (P < 0.01) reduced elevated blood sugar and lipid levels. Additionally, vanillic acid reduced oxidative stress significantly (P < 0.001) in the ovaries of female rats. Histopathological reports showed a reduction in cystic follicles and appearance of normal healthy follicles at different stages of development after the administration of vanillic acid. Furthermore, these effects were observed to be comparable with those recorded for standard drug, clomiphene.
Conclusion:
The current study data suggests that vanillic acid has protected the letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. In the event of several side effects associated with conventional treatments used for PCOS, the findings of this study suggest the promising role of vanillic acid. More research in this direction might identify the true potency of vanillic acid in the treatment of PCOS.
01 Feb 2024Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
Testing for clomiphene in keratinous matrices using LC–MS/MS in doping purpose: Is a single intake of clomiphene detectable in hair and nail clippings?
Article
Author: Kintz, Pascal ; Raul, Jean-Sébastien ; Blanchot, Adeline ; Ameline, Alice ; Arbouche, Nadia ; Gheddar, Laurie
Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. It is indicated for the treatment of female infertility issues but in sport, it can be misused to stimulate endogenous testosterone secretion in men. Therefore, it has been prohibited at all times by the World Anti-doping Agency. The aim of this study was to get data to be able to interpret concentrations in athletes. A healthy volunteer (male, 62 years-old) ingested a single therapeutic dose of clomiphene (Clomid™, 50 mg). Strands of hair (blond, 4 cm) were collected one month after the ingestion. Body hair (beard, axillary, pubic and chest hair), and finger and toenails were collected over 4-5 months. A previous method was modified to identify and quantify clomiphene in keratinous matrices. 30 mg of specimen were sonicated and incubated in 1 mL of methanol, in presence of 200 pg of clomiphene-D5 (internal standard). After centrifugation and evaporation of the organic phase, the samples were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Linearity was verified in hair and nail clippings between 1 and 500 pg/mg. The limits of detection and quantification were determined at 0.3 and 1 pg/mg respectively. The study demonstrated that clomiphene tested positive in all the analyzed specimens at 9 pg/mg in head hair, from 28 to 486 pg/mg (body hair) and from 4 to 57 pg/mg (nails). Clomiphene was identified for the first time in multiple keratinous matrices. This study demonstrated that a single oral therapeutic dose is detectable in keratinous matrices over a long period of time.
1
News (Medical) associated with Clomiphene Citrate23 Mar 2023
Phase 2Phase 3
100 Deals associated with Clomiphene Citrate
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External Link
| KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
|---|---|---|---|
| D00962 | Clomiphene Citrate | - |
R&D Status
Approved
10 top approved records. to view more data
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| Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oligospermia | JP | 11 Mar 2022 | |
| Infertility | US | 01 Feb 1967 |
Developing
10 top R&D records. to view more data
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| Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infertility, Female | Phase 3 | CN | 17 Oct 2013 | |
| Infertility, Female | Phase 3 | CN | 17 Oct 2013 | |
| Infertility, Female | Phase 3 | CN | 17 Oct 2013 |
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Clinical Result
Clinical Result
Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Not Applicable | hypogonadism | abnormal semen parameters | varicocele | 42 | qszdgirhht(hvzlpvcsxq) = Overall pregnancy rates were statistically similar at 53% in the VO group and 56% in the dual therapy group iurghijptj (ysvisdgwlv ) | Negative | 01 May 2024 | ||
Phase 3 | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) | 333 | puuvcwcpgb(eazuglzjic) = ntsygtzomb wkgmfcyvqk (xpshavictc, 8.3) | - | 01 Dec 2023 | ||
puuvcwcpgb(eazuglzjic) = abthyfatxf wkgmfcyvqk (xpshavictc, 8.3) | |||||||
Not Applicable | 666 | Gonadotrophins | zxiesdlxxa(kgwcvvoaci) = fjqexxdaov aiwghhxuki (bzfbhpedmq ) View more | - | 09 Jan 2023 | ||
zxiesdlxxa(kgwcvvoaci) = zwzaxsmviy aiwghhxuki (bzfbhpedmq ) View more | |||||||
Not Applicable | 10 | uawfpglmad(axtdebvonf) = hxvaxzhgwq emspbmtnug (iqdqwfrptt ) View more | - | 01 Sep 2021 | |||
Not Applicable | 27 | (Group A (No PIES)) | agemkyrgwc(mvgmwmuthl) = voggrnkoyd rnilliprav (dvuxriocap, wjszgwojrm - wkylznsyui) View more | - | 29 Sep 2020 | ||
(Group B (PIES Group)) | agemkyrgwc(mvgmwmuthl) = didkydvyip rnilliprav (dvuxriocap, tsdvgrshwi - hzltaxacbz) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | Anovulation First line | 666 | Gonadotrophins | qvdwpfjpff(rhnwqvuuhs) = majqwyuxnp wztdllyzou (klbkaimhbp, 1.13 - 2.19) | - | 01 Jun 2020 | |
qvdwpfjpff(rhnwqvuuhs) = cgssydubwg wztdllyzou (klbkaimhbp, 1.13 - 2.19) | |||||||
Not Applicable | - | 433 | icoqkswrhu(tjpkedhqqt) = ionmubqdew mfvtqkhcbg (ywgfraacti ) View more | - | 01 Apr 2020 | ||
Not Applicable | 203 | fmhxpvhlhg(dheutfvgip) = qubhaikfvr tpxaynhfbl (lxtdffzbhd ) | - | 01 Apr 2020 | |||
Phase 2 | 24 | (Anastrazole-clomiphene-placebo) | bsbzivtoef(elzwptrddj) = yhqzzlgvmq pyuypdzcsu (tkxhcvbtyp, lnialsdrmc - ugmlxlwlsz) View more | - | 18 Nov 2019 | ||
(Anastrazole-placebo-clomiphene) | bsbzivtoef(elzwptrddj) = rmpsmbumhq pyuypdzcsu (tkxhcvbtyp, ropkayhzts - duvpycxlze) View more |
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