Delving into the Latest Updates on Acetaminophen with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryParacetamol, known by its alternate name acetaminophen, is a common analgesic and antipyretic used to reduce fever and alleviate pain. Its mode of action closely mirrors that of classical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as it functions by impeding the activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.Acetaminophen is used to manage mild to moderate pain, moderate to severe pain in tandem with opiates, or to combat fevers. It is a well-known remedy for a variety of maladies such as headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, backaches, toothaches, sore throats, colds, flu, and fevers.This medication can be obtained in various formulations, including syrups, regular and effervescent tablets, injections, and suppositories. Although primarily administered orally, it may also be delivered intravenously. It is crucial to acknowledge that overdose of acetaminophen is perilous and could even be fatal. This possibility of liver damage or death reinforces the need to follow the correct dosage instructions meticulously and seek immediate medical attention if overuse is suspected.Acetaminophen was sanctioned by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1951, and it is widely accessible without a prescription or as a prescribed medication.

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

4'-hydroxyacetanilide, 4-(Acetylamino)phenol, 4-ACETAMIDOPHENOL

+ [92]

Target

COXs

Action

inhibitors

Mechanism

COX inhibitors(Cyclooxygenases inhibitors)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System DiseasesOther Diseases

Active Indication

AnalgesiaFeverPain

Inactive Indication

Acute migraineAcute PainAnesthesia+ [24]

Originator Organization

Dandong Yichang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Active Organization

Fresenius Kabi USA LLC

Terumo Corp.Viatris Pharmaceutical GK

+ [11]

Inactive Organization

Cosette Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

GSK Plc

Keenova Therapeutics Plc

+ [21]

License Organization

Seelos Therapeutics, Inc.

Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Essex Bio-Technology Ltd.

+ [2]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

China (01 Jan 1966),

FeverPain

Regulation-

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC8H9NO2

InChIKeyRZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry103-90-2

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose induces severe liver injury, especially in diabetic patients. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is commonly used as an approved antidote for APAP toxicity; however, its narrow therapeutic window limits its clinical utility. This study investigated the protective effects of molecular hydrogen (H₂) against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in diabetic mice. Diabetic db/db mice were provided with hydrogen-dissolved water (H₂-water) for two weeks prior to APAP administration. Consumption of H₂-water significantly attenuated APAP-induced liver injury, as evidenced by improved histological findings and decreased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Using transgenic mice expressing redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein, H₂ was shown to reduce both cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress caused by APAP overdose. We observed that H₂ modulated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, inhibited mitochondrial translocation of Bax, and suppressed the release of mitochondrial endonucleases. Additionally, H₂ enhanced the expression of the hepatoprotective hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). These findings suggest that H₂ protects against APAP-induced liver injury in diabetic mice by attenuating oxidative stress and upregulating FGF21 expression. Although NAC acts as an antioxidant, H₂ was more effective in reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress. Importantly, co-treatment with H₂ and NAC provided greater protection against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity than NAC alone. This synergistic effect may result from differences in the mechanisms by which NAC and H₂ influence FGF21 expression and mitochondrial oxidative stress. The combination of H₂ and NAC may offer an improved therapeutic strategy for treating APAP-induced liver injury in diabetic patients.

01 Feb 2026·TISSUE & CELL

Ultrasonic irradiation for ZnO NPs Synthesis and their hepatoprotective effect against acetaminophen induced hepatic toxicity in albino rats: Biochemical, physiological, and histopathological assessments

Article

Author: Mahboub, Heba H ; Ismail, Sameh H ; Ezz-Eldin, Rasha M M ; Mansour, Yasmine A ; Youssef, Fady Sayed ; Mohamed, Gehad G ; Ibrahim, Sherin ; Hussein, Shaymaa ; Abdelfattah, Abdelfattah M ; AbdEl Halim, Hanan F

The present novel trial assesses the prophylactic influence of ZnO NPs in comparison to silymarin against liver damage induced by acetaminophen (APAP). Forty albino rats were allocated into 4 groups (n = `10 rats/ group). Group I (Control), was orally administered 0.9 % NaCl for 21 days. Group II (exposed to APAP) received distilled water (1 ml/kg per day) via oral gavage for 19 successive days followed by APAP (600 mg/kg, PO) twice daily for 2 days. Group III (APAP+ Silymarin) was orally administered silymarin at the dose of 200 mg/kg daily for 19 days followed by APAP (600 mg/kg) via oral gavage twice daily for 2 successive days. Group IV (APAP+ ZnO NPs) was orally given ZnO NPs at the dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 19 days followed by (600 mg/kg/ twice daily) APAP orally for 2 successive days. APAP exhibited a substantial elevation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels. Meanwhile, APAP markedly decreased catalase, SOD, GST and TAC levels. A significant elevation in DNA damage inside hepatocytes was noticed. APAP induced many histopathological changes. Conversely, the prophylactic use of ZnO NPs inhibited the elevation of AST, ALT, ALP, NO and MDA as well as the decline of catalase, SOD, GST and TAC levels induced by APAP toxicity compared to group III. Marked improvement of the architecture of hepatic tissue was noticed in group IV. In conclusion, ZnO-NPs were more actual in ameliorating APAP hepatotoxicity compared to silymarin via antioxidant and antiapoptotic pathways.

01 Feb 2026·JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE

Evaluation of bromocriptine for the reduction of fever in patients with acute neurologic injury: A retrospective cohort study

Article

Author: Sieg, Emily ; Livers, Kristen ; Weitkamp, Lindsay ; Campbell, Michelle ; Rhodes, Mikaela ; Daniels, Michael W

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:

Fever is prevalent among patients with neurologic injury and has traditionally been treated with antipyretics and surface cooling modalities. Dopamine (D2) receptor agonists, such as bromocriptine, have shown a benefit for the treatment of central fever; however, there are currently no guidelines for the use of bromocriptine in this population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bromocriptine plus acetaminophen compared to acetaminophen alone for the treatment of fever in patients with acute neurologic injury.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to the neurosciences intensive care unit (Neuro ICU) with an acute neurologic injury who received bromocriptine 5 mg every 8 h plus acetaminophen (BROMO) or acetaminophen alone (APAP) for the indication of fever. The primary outcome was reduction of temperature (°C) 72 h after initiation of bromocriptine and acetaminophen or acetaminophen alone.

RESULTS:

A total of 67 patients were included; 28 patients were included in the BROMO group and 39 patients in the APAP group. There was a significant reduction in temperature at 72 h in the BROMO group compared to the APAP group (-0.86 °C vs -0.39 °C, p = 0.017). No adverse effects were noted in either group.

CONCLUSION:

This study found that bromocriptine 5 mg every 8 h is safe when used in combination with acetaminophen for fever management among patients with neurologic injury. Additional prospective, multi-center studies are needed to further elucidate the role of bromocriptine in the treatment of fever in the Neuro ICU.

680

News (Medical) associated with Acetaminophen

05 Jan 2026

·www.globenewswire.com

Cosmos Health Enters Manufacturing Agreement with Libytec for PathMuscle Medicine, with Five-Year Volumes Expected to Exceed 1.2 Million Units

CHICAGO, Jan. 05, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Cosmos Health Inc. ("Cosmos Health" or the “Company”) (NASDAQ:COSM), a diversified, vertically integrated global healthcare group, today announced that its wholly owned subsidiary, Cana Laboratories, has entered into a manufacturing and supply agreement to undertake the full end-to-end production of the pharmaceutical product PathMuscle for Libytec Pharmaceutical S.A., the product’s exclusive distributor in Greece. Under the terms of the agreement, Cosmos Health will be responsible for the complete manufacturing of the finished pharmaceutical product, including formulation, production, quality control, and product release, in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. PathMuscle is an advanced generic pharmaceutical product formulated as a fixed-dose combination of thiocolchicoside, a centrally acting muscle relaxant, and paracetamol (acetaminophen), an analgesic and antipyretic agent. The combination is designed to address musculoskeletal conditions by providing both muscle-relaxant activity and pain relief within a single dosage form. PathMuscle is approved in multiple oral presentations, including film-coated tablets containing thiocolchicoside 2 mg and paracetamol 500 mg, supplied in 30-tablet Alu/PVC blister packs, as well as soluble tablets containing thiocolchicoside 4 mg and paracetamol 1,000 mg, supplied in 20-tablet Alu/PVC blister packs, and is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasms associated with acute musculoskeletal disorders. The product will be distributed and commercially promoted in the Greek market by Libytec Pharmaceutical S.A., with the agreement providing for firm minimum committed production volumes of 591,500 units and expected cumulative production volumes over a five-year period anticipated to exceed 1.2 million units, subject to market demand and commercial performance. The agreement reflects Cosmos Health’s vertically integrated pharmaceutical manufacturing capabilities and is expected to support improved capacity utilization and enhanced revenue visibility across its pharmaceutical manufacturing operations. Greg Siokas, CEO of Cosmos Health, stated: “This agreement supports our strategic focus on expanding pharmaceutical manufacturing through long-term, volume-backed collaborations. By assuming full responsibility for the end-to-end production of PathMuscle, Cosmos Health demonstrates its operational strength, regulatory expertise, and ability to deliver reliable, scalable manufacturing solutions. We believe this collaboration enhances production visibility and reinforces our position as a trusted manufacturing partner in the European pharmaceutical market.” About Cosmos Health Inc.Cosmos Health Inc. (Nasdaq:COSM), incorporated in 2009 in Nevada, is a diversified, vertically integrated global healthcare group. The Company owns a portfolio of proprietary pharmaceutical and nutraceutical brands, including Sky Premium Life®, Mediterranation®, bio-bebe®, C-Sept® and C-Scrub®. Through its subsidiary Cana Laboratories S.A., licensed under European Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and certified by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), it manufactures pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics, biocides, and medical devices within the European Union. Cosmos Health also distributes a broad line of pharmaceuticals and parapharmaceuticals, including branded generics and OTC medications, to retail pharmacies and wholesale distributors through its subsidiaries in Greece and the UK. Furthermore, the Company has established R&D partnerships targeting major health disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer, enhanced by artificial intelligence drug repurposing technologies, and focuses on the R&D of novel patented nutraceuticals, specialized root extracts, proprietary complex generics, and innovative OTC products. Cosmos Health has also entered the telehealth space through the acquisition of ZipDoctor, Inc., based in Texas, USA. With a global distribution platform, the Company is currently expanding throughout Europe, Asia, and North America, and has offices and distribution centers in Thessaloniki and Athens, Greece, and in Harlow, UK. More information is available at www.cosmoshealthinc.com, www.skypremiumlife.com, www.cana.gr, www.zipdoctor.co, www.cloudscreen.gr, as well as LinkedIn and X. Forward-Looking StatementsWith the exception of the historical information contained in this news release, the matters described herein may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “projects,” “estimates,” “plans,” and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “may,” and “could,” generally identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that may individually or materially affect the matters discussed herein for a variety of reasons outside the Company’s control, including, but not limited to: the Company’s ability to raise sufficient financing to implement its business plan; the effectiveness of its digital asset strategies, including accumulation and yield-generating activities; the impact of the war in Ukraine on the Company’s business, operations, and the economy in general; and the Company’s ability to successfully develop and commercialize its proprietary products and technologies. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, as actual results could differ materially from those anticipated. Readers are encouraged to review the risk factors set forth in the Company’s filings with the SEC, which are available at the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). The Company disclaims any obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements, whether as a result of any new information, future events, or otherwise. Investor Relations Contact:BDG Communicationscosm@bdgcommunications.com

Drug ApprovalAcquisitionLicense out/in

23 Dec 2025

·pharma.economictimes.indiatimes.com

Be patient... prices of your medicines may come down soon

New Delhi: Medicines in India may get cheaper following a significant drop in the prices of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates in China. Lower API costs will potentially reduce manufacturing expenses for generic drug makers, slashing prices of medicines, industry experts told ET. According to people in the industry prices have fallen by at least 35-40% and are expecting a further drop in the next coming months. For instance, prices of Paracetamol API have dropped significantly from ₹900 per kg during the pandemic to ₹250 per kg now. Amoxicillin, which was ₹3,200 per kg, is now ₹1,800 per kg. Likewise, Clavulanate was ₹21,000 per kg and currently ₹14,500 per kg. "We are seeing a drop in prices of APIs and intermediates and hopefully the patient at large would benefit. China's massive expansion in API factories post Covid fuelled by strategic investment has created overcapacity. This has led to the reduction in the prices, and we are expecting a further drop in the near future," said Mehul Shah, who tracks the Chinese pharmaceutical industry. India relies heavily on China for API imports, with around 70% of its APIs coming from China. "This dependence exposes Indian manufacturers to price volatility and supply chain disruptions," said Dinesh Dua, former chairman of the Pharmaceutical Export Promotion Council . Shah said prices are expected to go down further, and hopefully this will translate into reduction of medicine prices in India . "NPPA would be monitoring it and notify the downward revisions," said another expert. However, all is not well, said Namit Joshi, chairman, Pharmaceuticals Export Promotion Council of India (Pharmexcil). He said the surge in domestic demand within China also created a demand-supply imbalance, disrupting normal pricing behaviour. "This led to an unusual and steep drop in global prices, with "Chinese API quotes falling well below sustainable manufacturing levels. Such-aggressive under-pricing caused clear market injuries for several Indian API manufacturers, who were suddenly operating in an environment where prices were distorted rather than market-driven. The situation escalated to a point where inquiries were initiated within China itself, as quotations had fallen below cost, prompting regulatory attention," Joshi said. The reality is that the PLI ecosystem is operating under significant stress, driven largely by predatory under-pricing from China across several PLI-notified product categories. "This has compressed the competitiveness that the incentive was designed to unlock," he said. Dua said while raw material price fluctuations in China pose challenges, India's initiatives like PLI, bulk drug parks and R&D sops aim to strengthen its API sector and boost export competitiveness on a long-term basis. By Teena Thacker ,

21 Dec 2025

·pharma.economictimes.indiatimes.com

Himachal: Companies whose medicine samples failed asked to recall stock

Shimla, Notices have been issued to companies whose medicine samples failed quality tests, and they have been instructed to recall their stock from the market, according to Himachal Pradesh State Drug Controller Manish Kapoor. Out of 200 medicine samples tested nationwide, 47 were manufactured in the state. These include medications for fever, heart attacks, and diabetes. The failed samples originated from various districts: 28 from Solan, 18 from Sirmaur, and one from Una. Notices have been issued to the respective companies, officials said on Saturday. In November 2025, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) collected 65 samples, while the State Drug Controller collected 135 samples. Of these, 47 samples were identified as substandard. "Notices have been issued to the companies whose medicine samples failed the quality tests. They have also been asked to recall the stock from the market," Kapoor said. Explanations have been sought, and actions will be taken against the companies in accordance with regulations, he informed media personnel in Solan. The samples of medicines which failed the quality tests include Paracetamol for fever, Clopidogrel and Aspirin for heart attacks, Metformin for lowering blood sugar, Ramipril for heart conditions, Sodium Valproate for epilepsy, and Mebeverine Hydrochloride for reducing muscle spasms, along with several other medicines deemed substandard. There has been a consistent trend of medicine samples manufactured in the state failing quality tests. Health Minister Dhani Ram Shandil had earlier announced that companies with recurring failures would be blacklisted, and that the government has been taking action in that regard. Additionally, a monthly alert issued by the central drug regulator in March 2025 noted that 38 drug samples produced by various pharmaceutical companies in the state did not meet quality parameters.

100 Deals associated with Acetaminophen

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00217	Acetaminophen	N02BE01	DB00316

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Headache	United States	Cosette Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	09 Feb 1978
Analgesia	Japan	Iwaki Seiyaku Co., Ltd.	01 Jul 1966
Fever	China	Dandong Yichang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1966
Pain	China	Dandong Yichang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1966

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Toothache	Phase 3	United States	Johnson & Johnson Holdco (NA), Inc.	19 Jul 2017
Common Cold	Phase 3	-	GSK Plc	01 Feb 2017
Pharyngitis	Phase 3	-	GSK Plc	01 Feb 2017
Episodic tension-type headache	Phase 3	United States	GSK Plc	01 Apr 2013
Acute Pain	Phase 3	United States	Keenova Therapeutics Plc	01 Jan 2008
Pain, Postoperative	Phase 3	United States	Keenova Therapeutics Plc	01 Nov 2006
Uterine Neoplasms	Phase 3	United States	Keenova Therapeutics Plc	01 Nov 2006
Acute migraine	Phase 3	United States	Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.	01 Mar 2006
Osteoarthritis, Hip	Phase 3	-	McNeil Consumer & Specialty Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	18 Oct 2005
Diabetic Neuropathies	Phase 3	-	Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC	01 Dec 2003

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT05088876 (Pubmed \| BMJ Open)	Phase 4	Chronic Pain	140	Paracetamol + Paracetamolid	ldxaueclbe(oejvxqxvvf) = kqwfywhrtb etfpafrdda (uzmgvliacb ) View more	Negative	01 Dec 2025
				Strong opioid + Placebo	ldxaueclbe(oejvxqxvvf) = nmxxiegfpa etfpafrdda (uzmgvliacb ) View more
NCT03584152 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Pain, Postoperative	159	Norco 5Mg-325Mg Tablet (Drug Arm A)	jiacwljfdm(fqqxigyryd) = oceezfyhvj qclscoqgnn (rbcxqqauga, 14.1) View more	-	25 Nov 2025
				Tylenol 325Mg Caplet+Ibuprofen 200 mg (Drug Arm B)	jiacwljfdm(fqqxigyryd) = jtysxdshoz qclscoqgnn (rbcxqqauga, 16.3) View more
NCT04221477 (REGENCY, CTgov)	Phase 3	Lupus Nephritis	271	Acetaminophen+Methylprednisolone+Prednisone+Obinutuzumab+MMF+Diphenhydramine (Obinutuzumab)	lazeauhsvx = rdyflkzece qwcykkkzep (ejztwyujvj, yftvyslwia - sjuupmvpjm) View more	-	06 Nov 2025
				Placebo+Acetaminophen+Methylprednisolone+Prednisone+Obinutuzumab+MMF+Diphenhydramine (Placebo)	lazeauhsvx = eisulovlmd qwcykkkzep (ejztwyujvj, mhbdlgisop - zsuqyykwth) View more
NCT02763059 (CBDIPPCFSIP, CTgov)	Phase 4	Pain, Postoperative	132	Ibuprofen (Group 1- Received Ibuprofen (N=39))	ecqhsvvucu(hirriurmpu) = mfjhualqkv ttgbyfdggg (nacdktxhrv, qwftyotmzt - btjntswwyw) View more	-	29 Oct 2025
				Dexamethasone (Group 2- Received Dexamethasone (N=43))	ecqhsvvucu(hirriurmpu) = htodfulpzo ttgbyfdggg (nacdktxhrv, hhpzmcazor - libnavkqpo) View more
NCT06019728 (SHORTEN, CTgov)	Phase 4	Fabry Disease	8	Fabrazyme	jvqswaqwhw(emmpjcfpwt) = kehwjzfxuy kxrjjvjkbu (wmkcaurxnn, gzhsnktqnc - taawkbnluc) View more	-	21 Oct 2025
NCT03365622 (CTgov)	Phase 4	-	214	Placebo Oral Tablet+acetaminophen (IV Acetaminophen and Placebo Pills)	kotxvvdfng(uitfclvapb) = ywbvbazqke rronovzdaa (gwexeiicqu, 58.16) View more	-	29 Jun 2025
				Placebos+Acetaminophen (Placebo IV (Normal Saline) + Oral Acetaminophen)	kotxvvdfng(uitfclvapb) = djlnajeyry rronovzdaa (gwexeiicqu, 57.59) View more
NCT03493945 (QuEST1, CTgov)	Phase 1/2	Locally Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm \| Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm	59	castration+M7824+BN-Brachyury (Phase IIA Dose Expansion (Dose Exp.), Cohort 2, Arm 2.1A)	dhamjitzdo = qbdryaeqcj tvwnsmpzxy (nhuziylrsi, tpcaqfleuc - fejngigfwl) View more	-	08 Jun 2025
				N-803+M7824+BN-Brachyury (All Participants in Phase IIA Dose Expansion and Phase IIB Dose Expansion)	dhamjitzdo = ayyrdhacnl tvwnsmpzxy (nhuziylrsi, ceikkbzuol - envorhwtfz) View more
NCT02356159 (CTgov)	Phase 1/2	Hodgkin's Lymphoma \| Multiple Myeloma \| acute leukemia ... View more	34	Epinephrine+PET+Acetaminophen+Prednisone+Palifermin+Diphenhydramine+Rituximab (2/Phase II Arm - Palifermin at the Recommended Phase 2 Dose)	hasjyfysdi = pjnqqrwwix jbkudsomes (upvdoookvb, dzeroihfjs - hcwefhfxta)	-	05 Jun 2025
				Epinephrine+PET+Acetaminophen+Prednisone+Palifermin+Diphenhydramine+Rituximab (1/Phase 1: Dose Escalation Arm - Palifermin)	yaybjtxcmc = kdnymdmqgm kdxqwdyyot (qxodxhfkxc, rwccwsnnyj - uwutntberd)
NCT04574778 (Pubmed \| Reg Anesth Pain Med) Manual	Phase 3	Pain, Postoperative	82	Intravenous acetaminophen	aqsyblptcu(gtsrfbevhn) = hnxvmmfikb zkohukgnop (moxkfpmzfr, 4.0 - 27.1)	Negative	01 Jun 2025
				Oral acetaminophen	aqsyblptcu(gtsrfbevhn) = bxtgpfbqpe zkohukgnop (moxkfpmzfr, 4.0 - 29.5)
ATS2025	Not Applicable	Sepsis baseline plasma IL-8 \| sTNFR1 \| serum bicarbonate ... View more	447	Acetaminophen (Hyperinflammatory Phenotype)	fdbemzennw(gwqubapzrs) = elodjawcpv qxcbtpacai (pahyimbqcs ) View more	Negative	16 May 2025
				Acetaminophen (Hypoinflammatory Phenotype)	fdbemzennw(gwqubapzrs) = dnsjnrhcov qxcbtpacai (pahyimbqcs ) View more