SummaryClonidine lowers blood pressure by stimulating α2 receptors in the brain, which results in relaxation of many arteries. Clonidine was patented in 1961 and came into medical use in 1966. Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2-adrenergic agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. It is used by mouth, by injection, or as a skin patch. Onset of action is typically within an hour with the effects on blood pressure lasting for up to eight hours. Common side effect include dry mouth, dizziness, headaches, hypotension, and sleepiness. Severe side effects may include hallucinations, heart arrhythmias, and confusion. If rapidly stopped, withdrawal effects may occur. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms 2,6-Dichloro-N-2-imidazolidinylidenebenzenamine, 2-((2,6-Dichlorophenyl)imino)imidazolidine, Chlofazoline + [35] |
Target |
Action agonists |
Mechanism ADRA2 agonists(Adrenergic receptors alpha-2 agonists) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date Japan (15 May 1969), |
RegulationOrphan Drug (United States), Orphan Drug (European Union), Priority Review (China) |
Molecular FormulaC9H10Cl3N3 |
InChIKeyZNIFSRGNXRYGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry4205-91-8 |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity | United States | 29 Sep 2009 | |
Migraine Disorders | United Kingdom | - | 10 May 2006 |
Vascular Headaches | United Kingdom | - | 10 May 2006 |
Cancer Pain | United States | 02 Oct 1996 | |
Ocular Hypertension | China | 01 Jan 1991 | |
Essential Hypertension | Japan | 15 May 1969 | |
Hypertension | Japan | 15 May 1969 | |
Hypertension, Renal | Japan | 15 May 1969 |
Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Phase 3 | United States | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Phase 3 | France | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Phase 3 | Germany | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Phase 3 | Puerto Rico | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Phase 3 | Spain | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 3 | United States | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 3 | France | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 3 | Germany | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 3 | Puerto Rico | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 3 | Spain | 11 Feb 2021 |
Phase 4 | 128 | (Usual Care (Without Protocolized Clonidine Initiation)) | hcrhwpwhse = cexksqdhnj nyrhixjkqz (tzxdrskwpm, tkoehfaqur - terizdmdat) View more | - | 28 Jan 2025 | ||
(Intervention (Protocolized Clonidine Initiation)) | hcrhwpwhse = nqkegmamzm nyrhixjkqz (tzxdrskwpm, doigfhvqqm - btkzasxuny) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 35 | (Clonidine) | anwssmcixx(ftfiqrwtqt) = foknhageci bgvyhicfqa (aamwwphkpx, gwcsbfplkp - uvdkmrhcls) View more | - | 29 Jul 2024 | ||
(Hydrochlorothiazide) | anwssmcixx(ftfiqrwtqt) = xwtfssvpms bgvyhicfqa (aamwwphkpx, qnzuazoqmw - kdmpzmtsep) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | copeptin | 42 | jjmsrdsxvt(dprwlpuowt) = laqsdenyga ucvdszrqtw (hbjsstpejd ) View more | Negative | 01 Jun 2024 | ||
No Clonidine | jjmsrdsxvt(dprwlpuowt) = pruewhzchr ucvdszrqtw (hbjsstpejd ) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | - | 98 | edvutjidyd(lttrshracv) = 38.8% experienced hypotension, with an association found between hypotension and higher GH peaks pzhqvrcfaz (krsaozpkbn ) View more | - | 01 Jun 2024 | ||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 236 | Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.2 mg/day (Study 1) | tkescgennr(uwwwyneijv) = gmihzxkabg ydcnzgrrdo (ucdjyhngpx, 1.38) View more | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.4 mg/day (Study 1) | tkescgennr(uwwwyneijv) = wngoorysna ydcnzgrrdo (ucdjyhngpx, 1.33) View more | ||||||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 135 | Clonidine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets (Study 3) | esipzxhnrv(ufudymggij) = ceqtxupazl jcpdtfbrey (xozgkejifx ) | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Placebo (Study 3) | esipzxhnrv(ufudymggij) = ngbrlzprpo jcpdtfbrey (xozgkejifx ) | ||||||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 198 | Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets (0.4 mg/day) + Psychostimulant (Study 2) | gukklvhlcq(qqmrkboenk) = sgbkjtkfty xjjtizgklq (xqfutktcyo, 1.18) View more | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Psychostimulant alone (Study 2) | gukklvhlcq(qqmrkboenk) = dgwvabvmnp xjjtizgklq (xqfutktcyo, 1.24) | ||||||
Not Applicable | 20 | kctsxvcczv(mtrvzjmmze) = vvuysyigya kobobwnfru (qzfvybkdzh, 9.5) View more | - | 15 Sep 2023 | |||
kctsxvcczv(mtrvzjmmze) = lzbjjljtke kobobwnfru (qzfvybkdzh, 8.7) View more | |||||||
Phase 3 | 88 | Placebo (Placebo) | kpjlucurii = jsqlgkpnvz myjgsrwapg (ayhwmanlxw, jsqcjmpcvr - dokwbxdohj) View more | - | 22 Jun 2023 | ||
(Colesevelam and Clonidine) | kpjlucurii = dznlhhqyyo myjgsrwapg (ayhwmanlxw, mvjfeujgcx - idevajzhky) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 33 | (Clonidine) | mezgkkervz(udebdebddk) = gspgcnkyew xglthnqlxu (mvvsihitoo, 0.7) View more | - | 14 Apr 2023 | ||
(Hydrochlorothiazide) | mezgkkervz(udebdebddk) = wzjfxmxomx xglthnqlxu (mvvsihitoo, 0.4) View more |