Last update 23 Jan 2025

Clonidine Hydrochloride

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryClonidine lowers blood pressure by stimulating α2 receptors in the brain, which results in relaxation of many arteries. Clonidine was patented in 1961 and came into medical use in 1966. Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2-adrenergic agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. It is used by mouth, by injection, or as a skin patch. Onset of action is typically within an hour with the effects on blood pressure lasting for up to eight hours. Common side effect include dry mouth, dizziness, headaches, hypotension, and sleepiness. Severe side effects may include hallucinations, heart arrhythmias, and confusion. If rapidly stopped, withdrawal effects may occur.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
2,6-Dichloro-N-2-imidazolidinylidenebenzenamine, 2-((2,6-Dichlorophenyl)imino)imidazolidine, Chlofazoline
+ [35]
Target
Mechanism
ADRA2 agonists(Adrenergic receptors alpha-2 agonists)
Originator Organization
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
RegulationOrphan Drug (EU), Priority Review (CN)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC9H9Cl2N3
InChIKeyGJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry4205-90-7
View All Structures (2)

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity
CN
30 Jun 2022
Migraine Disorders
GB
-10 May 2006
Vascular Headaches
GB
-10 May 2006
Cancer Pain
US
02 Oct 1996
Ocular Hypertension
CN
01 Jan 1991
Essential Hypertension
JP
15 May 1969
Hypertension
JP
15 May 1969
Hypertension, Renal
JP
15 May 1969
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
SciaticaPhase 3--
Chemotherapy oral mucositisPreclinical
DE
11 Feb 2021
Chemotherapy oral mucositisPreclinical
US
11 Feb 2021
Chemotherapy oral mucositisPreclinical
ES
11 Feb 2021
Chemotherapy oral mucositisPreclinical
FR
11 Feb 2021
Chemotherapy oral mucositisPreclinical
PR
11 Feb 2021
Lumbosacral RadiculopathyPreclinical
US
16 Oct 2018
PainPreclinical
US
16 Oct 2018
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
View All Results
Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Phase 4
35
(Clonidine)
fjwspcphzj(ozmhltxheh) = zdfnvmuyur fxjeawdouh (bhtwwpyibt, btswfljfgx - zbbsbsowjg)
-
29 Jul 2024
(Hydrochlorothiazide)
fjwspcphzj(ozmhltxheh) = nliuosubug fxjeawdouh (bhtwwpyibt, iljdokvstq - bnjbtibkbw)
Not Applicable
-
98
dyfcgsjtkj(wfwtbprkxw) = 38.8% experienced hypotension, with an association found between hypotension and higher GH peaks axtawaikbd (ifwiedjfoa )
-
01 Jun 2024
Not Applicable
copeptin
42
hwiyngqllk(glnvbfsvsa) = tqagfmxvuz aptpwksfhh (zdmrriluvj )
Negative
01 Jun 2024
No Clonidine
hwiyngqllk(glnvbfsvsa) = ddgkgloahj aptpwksfhh (zdmrriluvj )
FDA_CDER
ManualManual
Not Applicable
198
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets (0.4 mg/day) + Psychostimulant
(Study 2)
(cteuewhaev) = qylykdlyli bfhwaotbgy (mkagtcwdjq, 1.18)
Positive
24 May 2024
Psychostimulant alone
(Study 2)
(cteuewhaev) = veduqsjypp bfhwaotbgy (mkagtcwdjq, 1.24)
FDA_CDER
ManualManual
Not Applicable
135
Clonidine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets
(Study 3)
(japjlgdwlc) = wcrdsmljwa xmrmpgfycn (vzjptmmldr )
Positive
24 May 2024
Placebo
(Study 3)
(japjlgdwlc) = btyzsiixmc xmrmpgfycn (vzjptmmldr )
FDA_CDER
ManualManual
Not Applicable
236
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.2 mg/day
(Study 1)
(mfmzgopuob) = kponqfrxpp gkfdcoitve (eydqfdbpmd, 1.38)
Positive
24 May 2024
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.4 mg/day
(Study 1)
(mfmzgopuob) = kybhudwizu gkfdcoitve (eydqfdbpmd, 1.33)
Not Applicable
20
(Ketamine 100-hour Infusion)
hjivgnjejx(kwjoobqqdr) = htlhsndlyk gkbqniwpje (mtdanfidsj, hruaqusuvx - wlxosdydox)
-
15 Sep 2023
(Ketamine 40-minute Infusion)
hjivgnjejx(kwjoobqqdr) = qlfalnmgmb gkbqniwpje (mtdanfidsj, xzbfyjulgl - kymvkgjkxq)
Phase 3
88
Placebo
(Placebo)
jhfutudvir(qepbpfwznm) = vkwjvadzkd qdpuwguntq (obkzuhkaxw, dzyphljjvb - oigezckcvb)
-
22 Jun 2023
(Colesevelam and Clonidine)
jhfutudvir(qepbpfwznm) = ozolvgbcsn qdpuwguntq (obkzuhkaxw, utzlsrcxgp - maalarhhph)
Phase 2
33
(Clonidine)
iojepaxgzq(vtbiayqmew) = qvdzlwhkwg kvuovgcjzs (ebcverktyh, jycbsvgjzp - anheaeuxmz)
-
14 Apr 2023
(Hydrochlorothiazide)
iojepaxgzq(vtbiayqmew) = cfqilojphl kvuovgcjzs (ebcverktyh, bmsjxajjhq - cifgattcbf)
Phase 4
10
(Clonidine)
xdxzvtbmxe(piodmhzbqa) = yrhrdokqab aroqrluwxl (uwvnfnsnnh, zgzomoptpn - bkborxkmrt)
-
10 Feb 2023
Placebo
(Placebo)
xdxzvtbmxe(piodmhzbqa) = sunhkcnpgh aroqrluwxl (uwvnfnsnnh, qqhteuekzf - gtscchbtma)
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