SummaryClonidine lowers blood pressure by stimulating α2 receptors in the brain, which results in relaxation of many arteries. Clonidine was patented in 1961 and came into medical use in 1966. Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2-adrenergic agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. It is used by mouth, by injection, or as a skin patch. Onset of action is typically within an hour with the effects on blood pressure lasting for up to eight hours. Common side effect include dry mouth, dizziness, headaches, hypotension, and sleepiness. Severe side effects may include hallucinations, heart arrhythmias, and confusion. If rapidly stopped, withdrawal effects may occur. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms 2,6-Dichloro-N-2-imidazolidinylidenebenzenamine, 2-((2,6-Dichlorophenyl)imino)imidazolidine, Chlofazoline + [35] |
Target |
Mechanism ADRA2 agonists(Adrenergic receptors alpha-2 agonists) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date JP (15 May 1969), |
RegulationOrphan Drug (EU), Priority Review (CN) |
Molecular FormulaC9H9Cl2N3 |
InChIKeyGJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry4205-90-7 |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity | CN | 30 Jun 2022 | |
Migraine Disorders | GB | - | 10 May 2006 |
Vascular Headaches | GB | - | 10 May 2006 |
Cancer Pain | US | 02 Oct 1996 | |
Ocular Hypertension | CN | 01 Jan 1991 | |
Essential Hypertension | JP | 15 May 1969 | |
Hypertension | JP | 15 May 1969 | |
Hypertension, Renal | JP | 15 May 1969 |
Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sciatica | Phase 3 | - | Sollis Therapeutics, Inc.Startup | - |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Preclinical | DE | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Preclinical | US | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Preclinical | ES | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Preclinical | FR | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Preclinical | PR | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Lumbosacral Radiculopathy | Preclinical | US | Sollis Therapeutics, Inc.Startup | 16 Oct 2018 |
Pain | Preclinical | US | Sollis Therapeutics, Inc.Startup | 16 Oct 2018 |
Phase 4 | 35 | (Clonidine) | fjwspcphzj(ozmhltxheh) = zdfnvmuyur fxjeawdouh (bhtwwpyibt, btswfljfgx - zbbsbsowjg) View more | - | 29 Jul 2024 | ||
(Hydrochlorothiazide) | fjwspcphzj(ozmhltxheh) = nliuosubug fxjeawdouh (bhtwwpyibt, iljdokvstq - bnjbtibkbw) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | - | 98 | dyfcgsjtkj(wfwtbprkxw) = 38.8% experienced hypotension, with an association found between hypotension and higher GH peaks axtawaikbd (ifwiedjfoa ) View more | - | 01 Jun 2024 | ||
Not Applicable | copeptin | 42 | hwiyngqllk(glnvbfsvsa) = tqagfmxvuz aptpwksfhh (zdmrriluvj ) View more | Negative | 01 Jun 2024 | ||
No Clonidine | hwiyngqllk(glnvbfsvsa) = ddgkgloahj aptpwksfhh (zdmrriluvj ) View more | ||||||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 198 | Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets (0.4 mg/day) + Psychostimulant (Study 2) | (cteuewhaev) = qylykdlyli bfhwaotbgy (mkagtcwdjq, 1.18) View more | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Psychostimulant alone (Study 2) | (cteuewhaev) = veduqsjypp bfhwaotbgy (mkagtcwdjq, 1.24) | ||||||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 135 | Clonidine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets (Study 3) | (japjlgdwlc) = wcrdsmljwa xmrmpgfycn (vzjptmmldr ) | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Placebo (Study 3) | (japjlgdwlc) = btyzsiixmc xmrmpgfycn (vzjptmmldr ) | ||||||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 236 | Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.2 mg/day (Study 1) | (mfmzgopuob) = kponqfrxpp gkfdcoitve (eydqfdbpmd, 1.38) View more | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.4 mg/day (Study 1) | (mfmzgopuob) = kybhudwizu gkfdcoitve (eydqfdbpmd, 1.33) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | 20 | hjivgnjejx(kwjoobqqdr) = htlhsndlyk gkbqniwpje (mtdanfidsj, hruaqusuvx - wlxosdydox) View more | - | 15 Sep 2023 | |||
hjivgnjejx(kwjoobqqdr) = qlfalnmgmb gkbqniwpje (mtdanfidsj, xzbfyjulgl - kymvkgjkxq) View more | |||||||
Phase 3 | 88 | Placebo (Placebo) | jhfutudvir(qepbpfwznm) = vkwjvadzkd qdpuwguntq (obkzuhkaxw, dzyphljjvb - oigezckcvb) View more | - | 22 Jun 2023 | ||
(Colesevelam and Clonidine) | jhfutudvir(qepbpfwznm) = ozolvgbcsn qdpuwguntq (obkzuhkaxw, utzlsrcxgp - maalarhhph) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 33 | (Clonidine) | iojepaxgzq(vtbiayqmew) = qvdzlwhkwg kvuovgcjzs (ebcverktyh, jycbsvgjzp - anheaeuxmz) View more | - | 14 Apr 2023 | ||
(Hydrochlorothiazide) | iojepaxgzq(vtbiayqmew) = cfqilojphl kvuovgcjzs (ebcverktyh, bmsjxajjhq - cifgattcbf) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 10 | (Clonidine) | xdxzvtbmxe(piodmhzbqa) = yrhrdokqab aroqrluwxl (uwvnfnsnnh, zgzomoptpn - bkborxkmrt) View more | - | 10 Feb 2023 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | xdxzvtbmxe(piodmhzbqa) = sunhkcnpgh aroqrluwxl (uwvnfnsnnh, qqhteuekzf - gtscchbtma) View more |