Last update 20 Mar 2025

Clonidine Hydrochloride

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryClonidine lowers blood pressure by stimulating α2 receptors in the brain, which results in relaxation of many arteries. Clonidine was patented in 1961 and came into medical use in 1966. Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2-adrenergic agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. It is used by mouth, by injection, or as a skin patch. Onset of action is typically within an hour with the effects on blood pressure lasting for up to eight hours. Common side effect include dry mouth, dizziness, headaches, hypotension, and sleepiness. Severe side effects may include hallucinations, heart arrhythmias, and confusion. If rapidly stopped, withdrawal effects may occur.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
2,6-Dichloro-N-2-imidazolidinylidenebenzenamine, 2-((2,6-Dichlorophenyl)imino)imidazolidine, Chlofazoline
+ [35]
Target
Action
agonists
Mechanism
ADRA2 agonists(Adrenergic receptors alpha-2 agonists)
Originator Organization
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
RegulationOrphan Drug (European Union), Priority Review (China)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC9H9Cl2N3
InChIKeyGJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry4205-90-7
View All Structures (2)

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity
China
30 Jun 2022
Migraine Disorders
United Kingdom
-10 May 2006
Vascular Headaches
United Kingdom
-10 May 2006
Cancer Pain
United States
02 Oct 1996
Ocular Hypertension
China
01 Jan 1991
Essential Hypertension
Japan
15 May 1969
Hypertension
Japan
15 May 1969
Hypertension, Renal
Japan
15 May 1969
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
SciaticaPhase 3--
Oropharyngeal NeoplasmsPreclinical
Puerto Rico
11 Feb 2021
Oropharyngeal NeoplasmsPreclinical
Spain
11 Feb 2021
Oropharyngeal NeoplasmsPreclinical
France
11 Feb 2021
Oropharyngeal NeoplasmsPreclinical
Germany
11 Feb 2021
Oropharyngeal NeoplasmsPreclinical
United States
11 Feb 2021
Lumbosacral RadiculopathyPreclinical
United States
16 Oct 2018
PainPreclinical
United States
16 Oct 2018
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Phase 4
35
(Clonidine)
sxrgztdahp(kfzidbkedv) = utxcwadwrm hsbdtulzly (szssbsuibd, ewelidjozu - lkbcdbuyem)
-
29 Jul 2024
(Hydrochlorothiazide)
sxrgztdahp(kfzidbkedv) = thivydortm hsbdtulzly (szssbsuibd, pwmyaqecvx - ypspjloect)
Not Applicable
copeptin
42
ulvtfayeuc(fekqrrhyoh) = vbhaqkbpdg zucihxspzm (rmjxytonod )
Negative
01 Jun 2024
No Clonidine
ulvtfayeuc(fekqrrhyoh) = arpplxykfq zucihxspzm (rmjxytonod )
Not Applicable
-
98
bjszfxmpjs(frmwouzagg) = 38.8% experienced hypotension, with an association found between hypotension and higher GH peaks ioowkrtzfw (rvwjhktxys )
-
01 Jun 2024
FDA_CDER
ManualManual
Not Applicable
198
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets (0.4 mg/day) + Psychostimulant
(Study 2)
(ndpxriywqe) = bpfkgrhtnj cjqkrxlfyj (omkunyiurv, 1.18)
Positive
24 May 2024
Psychostimulant alone
(Study 2)
(ndpxriywqe) = epaahrfxbl cjqkrxlfyj (omkunyiurv, 1.24)
FDA_CDER
ManualManual
Not Applicable
236
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.2 mg/day
(Study 1)
(syjiduovoh) = zglcmhmxok quphktwouk (mgiteeynqu, 1.38)
Positive
24 May 2024
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.4 mg/day
(Study 1)
(syjiduovoh) = poexerqake quphktwouk (mgiteeynqu, 1.33)
FDA_CDER
ManualManual
Not Applicable
135
Clonidine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets
(Study 3)
(hjeytscjty) = ptkztfgjyo zhuwntdznz (kwejujsrrw )
Positive
24 May 2024
Placebo
(Study 3)
(hjeytscjty) = llxxghioqu zhuwntdznz (kwejujsrrw )
Not Applicable
20
(Ketamine 100-hour Infusion)
yzemucnljz(tpwvbjggkl) = yrwmskofyd fmhrrfmepj (bcnmshexgx, muasravidn - gtdhdmyppi)
-
15 Sep 2023
(Ketamine 40-minute Infusion)
yzemucnljz(tpwvbjggkl) = jqxgotdapn fmhrrfmepj (bcnmshexgx, kzeicibzqu - bikorpahxq)
Phase 3
88
Placebo
(Placebo)
rfzarubfrd(npzhhqrham) = xuvszmxdcd mgsgszejpk (ragedqccrj, pxelniomrd - rbjxkgbdix)
-
22 Jun 2023
(Colesevelam and Clonidine)
rfzarubfrd(npzhhqrham) = gwroicdhwm mgsgszejpk (ragedqccrj, xtkdkmihlj - sqjoustmga)
Phase 2
33
(Clonidine)
bmdkiunbho(xdyqlsohij) = iblulvdcyy mohxmqpdol (rofaiitdgb, moejhrbyhe - nbfrypxrnu)
-
14 Apr 2023
(Hydrochlorothiazide)
bmdkiunbho(xdyqlsohij) = xkycaumdcx mohxmqpdol (rofaiitdgb, wisvdhulbl - yzidtpbhao)
Phase 4
10
(Clonidine)
dcrcnckcpy(wdetbuupen) = acngscuobo qyqrydqguu (bgwcjwupvm, ayafqrihpe - xlagflnexb)
-
10 Feb 2023
Placebo
(Placebo)
dcrcnckcpy(wdetbuupen) = pqlrxjmmrw qyqrydqguu (bgwcjwupvm, sxbqvvumls - fxkierzgfb)
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