Hydroxyethyl Starch

Latent heat storage technology has been demonstrated an efficient approach to address the energy supply-demand imbalance under the "dual carbon" target. To tackle the challenge of achieving a balanced, synergistic enhancement of thermal storage density and thermal conductivity during the development of shape-stabilized composite phase change materials (PCMs), this study cleverly employs the natural waste eggshell to derive a porous skeleton material-hydrothermal eggshell (HES) for encapsulating organic polyethylene glycol (PEG) PCMs. For the first time, the capacity of PEG/HES composite PCMs in thermal management for electronic devices has been investigated. Moreover, this work breaks through the limitations of nanoparticles as "blending-type" materials by introducing "encapsulate + heat transfer" dual-functional nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into HES. This structure (HES@CNT) forms a "bridge" similar to the layout of human capillaries, enabling a simultaneous enhancement of both thermal storage density and thermal conductivity. The experimental results indicate that the thermal conductivity of PEG/HES composite PCM attains 1.308 W/(m·K), which is one order of magnitude higher than that of pure PEG. Furthermore, compared to the sample without CNTs, the PEG/HES@CNT composite PCM exhibits a 3.7-fold increase in latent heat of melting, while both crystallinity and thermal storage capacity exceed 80 %. Additionally, its thermal conductivity is further enhanced by 40 %, reaching 1.690 W/(m·K). Moreover, applying both PEG/HES and PEG/HES@CNT composite PCMs to electronic components could help lower the peak surface temperature and delay the time required to reach it, thereby helping to reduce thermal-mechanical cycle fatigue in practical electronic devices use and ensuring stable operation.

Mouse cardiac endothelial cells play a critical role in cardiovascular research and disease; hence, high quality cryopreservation of this cell type is necessary to provide on-demand access to the cells, quality control, and consistent outcomes between different experiments and batches. However, the cryopreservation of cardiac endothelial cells has not been studied as much as other endothelial cells. The objective of this study was to characterize the cryobiological response of an immortalized line of mouse cardiac endothelial cells in suspension using an interrupted slow cooling approach (graded freezing) and to validate cryopreservation protocols that provide high post-thaw viability and function. Three different cryopreservation protocols were validated using different cryoprotectant solutions: i) 10 % dimethyl sulfoxide + 90 % fetal bovine serum, ii) 5 % dimethyl sulfoxide + 6 % hydroxyethyl starch in complete growth medium, and iii) 10 % glycerol in complete growth medium; all three protocols resulted in high post-thaw membrane integrity assessed using dual fluorescent dye Syto13/GelRed. Two functional assays: i) tube forming on Matrigel representing angiogenesis and ii) nitric oxide synthesis using DAF-FM (4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein) fluorescent dye revealed that cryopreserved cells retained comparable post-thaw function to non-cryopreserved cells. This study provides practical insight into successful cryopreservation of mouse cardiac endothelial cells.